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四六级语法指导：用作介词的to

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to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形,cheap air jordans； 一为介词+名词/动名词,Ralph Lauren Mens City edition, to 在下面的用法中是第二种,<a href="http://water888.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=10615" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://water888.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=10615</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.，即to+ 名词/动名词：

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四六级考试加分句型40种（2）

     
11."to make…of"的译法(使……成为……,cheap air jordans，把……当作)
        I will make a scientist of my son.
        
        12. oo…+不定式"，not(never)too…+不定式",http://hiramslaw.com/index.php%3Fdo%3D/public/user/cbellepn/blogs A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.,Ralph Lauren，"too…not+不定式
        She is too angry to speak.
        
        13. only(not, all, but,Ralph Lauren Womens Bikini, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not",Polo Ralph Lauren，"all""but等字后+"too…to,<a href="http://www.spicyip.com/wikilaws/tiki-view_blog_post.php?blogId=1329&postId=12811" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.spicyip.com/wikilaws/tiki-view_blog_post.php?blogId=1329&postId=12811</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.,cheap jordans，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready(apt) +to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义,Ralph Lauren Mens City edition。
        You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
        
        14. "no more …than…"句型
        A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
        
        １5. "not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构,Ralph Lauren Mens Match Polos，"not so much…as"="not so much as …"，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为："与其说是……毋须说是……",air jordans shoes。而"not so much as"="without(not)even，"可译为"甚至……还没有",jordans for sale,http://shataj.com/soft/fbook/user/blogs/view/name_bgdf08zj/id_328/title_Is-the-Amount-of-Responsibilities-Equivalent-to/ A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.。
        The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .
        
        16. "Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构，"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思，"Nothing I"可换用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为"没有……比……更为"，"像……再没有了",Ralph Lauren Shirts，"最……"等。
        Nothing is more precious than time. <

专四（TEM4）词汇与语法练习第364期

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今天题目：
Frank almost never received any education,Ralph Lauren Mens Match Polos,http://sfz.schattenkind.net/wiki/index.php/User:Zjpfdyzn A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account., ____?
A. would he            B. did he
C. didn’t he          D. wouldn’t he



答案是：B
【句意】弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育,<a href="http://soketwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Qccsdfta" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://soketwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Qccsdfta</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.,Ralph Lauren Outlet，是不是?
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四级完型填空练习与解析(6)

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    To others and themselves the British have a reputation for being conservative --- not in the narrow political sense,jordans shoes, but in the sense of adherence to accepted ideas and unwilling to question them. The reputation comes partly from their  1 . For 900 years they have suffered  2  invasion nor revolution (except in 1649 and 1688) nor disastrous defeat in  3  . Their monarchy (君主政体) survives without serious question. Under its normal  4  the political arrangements have been so stable that, except for the  5 interruptions in the seventeenth century, they have been adopted throughout  6 centuries to meet changing needs without violent changes. Britain, in 1978, was  7 in managing without a written constitution; some fragmentary definitions of 1688 still  8  .There had been bitter quarrels, social and economic as well  9 political, but the quarrels had been settled,air jordans shoes, usually  10 compromise. The underlying continuity had not been broken.

　　1. A.language B.future C.history D.literature
　　2.A.neither B.as C.or D.either
　　3.A.home B. study C.peace D.war
　　4.A.name B.people C.leadership D.enemy
　　5.A.two B.one C.no D.couple
　　6.A.a B.any C.the D.few
　　7.A.common B.popular C.unique D.angry
　　8.A.survive B.surviving C.survives D.survived
　　9.A.for B.as C.to D.at
　　10.A.for B.at C.to D.by

答案及解析：

　　1.C
　　由于下文紧接着叙述到过去900年的有关情况,Polo Ralph Lauren。故应选history，才能与下文衔接,Ralph Lauren Outlet,http://mymultihost.com/web-host-features/ A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.。
　　2.A
　　应选neither才能与其后出现的nor构成并列连词neither…nor…,Ralph Lauren,http://shataj.com/soft/fbook/user/blogs/view/name_asa6blog/id_130/title_Hogan-Outlet-concerns-us-all-in-the-unusual/ A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.。
　　3.D
　　需选一名词与前面的介词in构成介词短语，且这个短语在语意上要与前面的disastrous defeat相吻合。故选D可以满足这个条件。
　　4.C
　　“在……领导下”的表达方式是under the…leadership.
　　5.A
　　上面提到1649和1688两次革命,cheap air jordans，所以A项正确。
　　6.C
　　the centuries特指那些稳定的世纪。
　　7.C
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　　8.D
　　应选survived才与上下文时态一致,Ralph Lauren Shirts。
　　9.B
　　as well as为一并列连词。
　　10.D
 　 by compromise意为 “通过折衷、妥协的办法”,Ralph Lauren Womens Bikini。如：We should settle our differences by compromise. 我们应采取折衷的办法来解决我们之间的分歧,Ralph Lauren Mens Match Polos。

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TOEFL sample essay 1

After they complete their university studies, some students live in their hometowns. Others live in different towns and cities. Which do you think is beterr? Give reasons for your answer.

After they complete their univerrsity studies,air jordans shoes, some students preferr to live in their hometowns while others choose to live in different towns or cities. Everybody has his own reasons for his preference. After my graduation, I will go back and live in my home city. I have made this decision because of the following reasons.

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　　Secondly,cheap air jordans, if I go back to my home city, I can look after my parents. I take this into consideration because I am their only child and they are now weak and getting on in age. If I live in the same city with them, I can visit them very often and help them whenever it is necessary.

　　Thirdly,air jordans, if I live in my home city,cheap jordans, I will have a lot of friends, schoolmates and relatives to visit and to turn to for help when I need. Of course, I could get acquainted with many people and make many friends if I were to go to live in a strange place, but that takes time. If I go back to my home city, everybody will be waiting for me and I will be able to settle down comfortably without any trouble and waste of time.

　　In short, my choise is based on a careful consideration of my home city and my family. I think it is a better or sensible choice; in a certain sense, it is a must. <

2002年6月六级考试试卷、答案

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1.下图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况,cheap jordans，请描述其变化,http://article-publishing.artcony.com/2012/03/29/are-you-a-syndicated-columnist-how-to-make-your-newsletter-work-without-you/ A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.,Ralph Lauren,http://www.catalystwebdesigns.com/blog/benefits-of-using-ipage-for-hosting-your-website/ A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.；　　
2.请说明发生这些变化的原因可从计算机的用途、价格、或社会发展等发面加以说明?,<a href="http://brpp.campaignfoundations.com/index.php?title=User:029693153" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://brpp.campaignfoundations.com/index.php?title=User:029693153</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.,Ralph Lauren Womens Bikini；　　
3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题

试卷一
Part I Listening Comprehension 20 minutes
?　　
Section A
　
Directions? In this section? you will hear 10 short conversation . At the end of each conversation ? a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the parse? you must read the four choices marked A?? B?? C? and D?? and decided which is the best answer. Then marked the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 　　
Example ?

You will hear?　　
You will read ? A? 2 hours B? 3 hours 　　C? 4 hours D? 5 hours 　　
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore? D? “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose ?D? on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre . 　　
Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [D] 　　

1.
    A? Registering for course .
　　B? Getting directions .
　　C? Buying a new computer .
　　D? Studying sociology . 　　
2.
    A? The man will probably have to find a roommate .
　　B? The man is unlikely to live in the suburbs .
　　C? The man will probably have to buy a car .
　　D? The man is unlikely to find exactly what he desires.
3.
    A? Painting a picture.
    B? Hosting a program.
　　C? Designing a studio.
    D? Taking a photograph. 　　
4.
    A? The woman doesn’t think it a problem to get her passport renewed .
　　B? The woman has difficulty renewing her passport.
　　C? The woman hasn’t renewed her passport yet.
　　D? The woman’s passport is still valid . 　　
5.
    A prediction of the future of mankind .
　　B? A new drug that may benefit mankind .
　　C? An opportunity for a good job .
　　D? An unsuccessful experiment . 　　
6.
    A lesson requires students’ active involvement.
　　B? Students usually take an active part in a lecture.
　　C? More knowledge is covered in a lecture .
　　D? There is a larger group of people interested in lessons. 　　
7.
    A? Neither of their watches keeps good time.
　　B? The woman’s watch stopped 3 hours ago .
　　C? The man’s watch goes too fast .
　　D? It’s too dark for the woman to read her watch . 　　
8.
    A? She’s proud of being able to do many things at the same time .
　    B? She is sure to finish al the things in a few hours.
　　C? She dreams of becoming a millionaire someday .
　　D? She’s been kept extremdly busy . 　　
9.
    A? He wants his students to be on time for class .
　　B? He doesn’t allow his students to tell jokes in class.
　　C? He is always punctual for his class .
　　D? He rarely notices which students are late . 　　
10.
    A? He is nervous about the exam .
　　B? He is looking for a job .
　　C? He doesn't dare to tell lies.
　　D? He doesn’t know how to answer the questions.
　　
Section B
　
Directions ? In this section? you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage? you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question? you must choose the best answer form the four choices marked A?? B?? C? and D?. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
　　
Passage One 　　Question 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard .
　　
11. A? She was bored with her idle life at home .
　　B? She was offered a good job by her neighbour .
　　C? She wanted to help with the family’s finances.
　　D? Her family would like to see her more involved in social life . 　　
12. A? Doing housework .
　　B? Looking after her neighbour’s children.
　　C? Reading papers and watching TV.
　　D? Taking good care of her husband . 　　
13. A? Jane got angry at Bill’s idle life.
　　B? Bill failed to adapt to the new situation .
　　C? Bill blamed Jane for neglecting the family .
　　D? The children were not taken good care of . 　　
14. A? Neighbours should help each other .
　　B? Women should have their own careers.
　　C? Man and wife should share household duties.
　　D? Parents should take good care of their children.

Passage Two 　　Question 15 to 17 are base don the passage you have just heard .

15. A? To predict natural disasters that can cause vast destruction .
　　B? To limit the destruction that natural disasters may cause .
　　C? To gain financial support from the United Nations.
　　D? to propose measures to hold back natural disasters. 　　
16. A? There is still a long way to go before man can control natural disasters.
　　B? International cooperation can minimize the destructive force of natural disasters.
　　C? Technology can help reduce the damage natural disasters may cause.
　　D? Scientists can successfully predict earthquakes. 　　
17. A? There were fatal mistakes in its design .
　　B? The builder didn’t observe the building codes of the time .
　　C? The traffic load went beyond its capacity .
　　D? It was built according to less strict earthquake-resistance standards.

Passage Three

Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　
18. A? By judging to what extent they can eliminate the risks.
　　B? By estimating the possible loss of lives and property .
　　C? By estimating the frequency of volcanic eruptions.
　　D? By judging the possible risks against the likely benefits.
19. A? One of Etna’s recent eruptions made many people move away .
　　B? Etna’s frequent eruptions have ruined most of the local farmland .
　　C? Etna’s eruptions are frequent but usually mild .
　　D? There are signs that Etna will erupt again in the near future.
20. A? They will remain where they are .
　　B? They will leave this area for ever.
　　C? They will turn to experts for advice.
　　D? They will seek shelter in nearby regions.
　　
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
　　
Directions ? There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A?? B? ?C? and D?. You should decided on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 　　

Passage One

Question 21 to 25 are base on the following passage

?　　When global warming finally came? it stuck with a vengeance(异乎寻常地). In some regions temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet? flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America? Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction? people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming? the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10?000 years ago. As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future ?earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past -- and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold? wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.
　　Most important scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution ? from the dawn of primates (灵长目动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture . Indeed the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change ?some scientists argue it has in some instances been driven by it.
　　The new research has profound implications for he environmental summit in Rio . Among other things the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate changes is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign (宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past 10?000 years -during which agriculture writing cities and most other features of civilization appeared -is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact? the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future - even without the influence of human activity.

21. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged .
A? to give up his former way of life
B? to leave the coastal areas
C? to follow the ever-shifting vegetation
D? to abandon his original settlement
22. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate .
A? is going through a fundamental change
B? has been getting warmer for 10?000 years
C? will eventually change from hot to cold
D? has gone through periodical changes
23. Scientists believe that human evolution .
A? has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes
B? has exerted little influence on climatic changes
C? has largely been effected by climatic changes
D? has had a major impact on climatic changes
24. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that .
A? human activities have accelerated changes of Earth’s environment
B? Earth’s environment will remain mild despite human interference
C? Earth’s climate is bound to change significantly in the future
D? Earth’s climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future
25. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that .
A? human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changes
B? mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climate
C? man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming process
D? human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature

Passage Two

Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage

?　　No woman can be too rich or too thin . This saying often attributed to the late Duchess (公爵夫人) of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times . Being thin is deemed as such a virtue . The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it . I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes .Consequently I have been on a diet for the better -or worse -part of my life . Being rich wouldn’t be bad either but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land leaving me millions of dollars. Where did we go off the track ? When did eating butter become a sin ? and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing ? if not repellent ? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating ? and excessive eating is one of Christianity’s seven deadly sins . However ?until quite recently most people had a problem getting enough to eat . In some religious groups wealth was symbol of probable salvation and high morals ? and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being . Today the opposite is true . We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue . The result is that being fat -or even only somewhat overweight - is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength . Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fuelled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before ? and that ? in many cases being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease . These diseases ? however may have as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight . And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem - too much fat and a lack of fiber - than a weight problem . The real concern ? then ? is not that we weight too much ? but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well . Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health . A balance diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight .Simply being thin is not enough . It is actually hazardous if those who get or already are? thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style . Thinness can be pure vainglory (虚荣).

26. In the eyes of the author an odd phenomenon nowadays is that
A? the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtue
B? looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortune
C? being thin is viewed as a much desired quality
D? religious people are not necessarily virtuous
27. Swept by the prevailing trend the author
A? had to go on a diet for the greater part of her life
B? could still prevent herself from going off the track
C? had to seek help from rich distant relatives
D? had to wear highly fashionable clothes
28. In human history? people’s views on body weight
A? were closely related to their religious beliefs
B? changed from time to time
C? varied between the poor and the rich
D? led to different moral standards
29. The author criticizes women’s obsession with thinness
A? from an economic and educational perspective
B? from sociological and medical points of view
C? from a historical and religious standpoint
D? in the light of moral principles
30. What’s the author’s advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?
A? They should be more concerned with their overall lifestyle.
B? They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.
C? They should gain weight to look healthy.
D? They should rid themselves of fantasies about designer clothes.

Passage Three

Question 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

　　War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species . Natural impulses of anger hostility and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence . These are all qualities that humans share with animals . Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence . But on the other hand human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior . In the case of human aggression ? violence cannot be simply reduced to an instance . The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior . In human societies violence has a social function ? It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence . We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed . The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law . The more developed a legal system becomes the more society takes responsibility for the discovery ? control ? and punishment of violent acts . In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge .Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense . But in legal systems ? the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals form violence . In cases where they cannot be protected ? the society is responsible for imposing punishment . In a state controlled legal system ? individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by motivated by acts of violence ? and the state assumes responsibility for their protection . The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus . While the one protects the individual from violence the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state . In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders . War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance and supreme sacrifice . Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.

31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that
A? it threatens the existing social systems
B? it is influenced by society
C? it has roots in religious conflicts
D? it is directed against institutions of law
32. The function of legal systems? according to the passage? is
A? to control violence within a society
B? to protect the world from chaos
C? to free society from the idea of revenge
D? to give the government absolute power
33. What does the author mean by saying “... in legal systems? the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”Lines 5-6?Para.2??
A? Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence .
B? Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis .
C? Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge .
D? Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved .
34. The word “allegiance”Line 5?Para. 3? is closest in meaning to ____
A? loyalty.
C? survival .
B? objective.
D? motive .
35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A? Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.
B? In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.
C? In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people .
D? Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.

Passage four

Question 36 to 40 are based on the following passage

?　　Researches who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases the bring with them from their own culture. For example? they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied. In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues? investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach? the goal is to describe behaviour in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach ? the goal is to describe behaviour so that generalizations can be make across cultures . If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion? their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If however the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved . How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes ? In the emic approach? the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families ? without regard for whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study? the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class White families? but also lower-income White families ? Black American families Spanish American families ? and Asian American families . In studying ethnic minority families minority families than in White American families. If so? the emic approach would reveal a different the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups . 　　
36. According to the first paragraph researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to
A? be overcautious in constructing meaningful measures
B? view them from their own cultural perspective
C? guard against interference from their own culture
D? accept readily what is alien to their own culture
37. What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach?
A? They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.
B? The former is biased while the latter is objective.
C? The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.
D? They are both beavily dependent on questionnaires in conductiong surveys.
38. Compared with the etic approach? the emic approach is apparently more
A? culturally interactive
C? culturally biased
B? culture-oriented
D? culture-specific
39. The etic approach is concerned with
A? the general characteristics of minority families
B? culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups
C? features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups
D? the economic conditions of different types of famities
40. Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U.S. according to the passage?
A? Thein cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.
B? Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.
C? They don't interact with each other so much as White fatnilies.
D? They have closer family ties than White families.

Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)

Directions? There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part . For each sentence there are four choices marked A? ? B? C and D? . Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 　　
41. It was ____ that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.
A? addicted B? alleged C? assaulted D? ascribed

42. The medicine ____ his pain but did not cure his illness.
A? activated 　B? alleviated C? mediated D? deteriorated

43. He is the only person who can ____ in this case? because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.
A? testify B? charge C? accuse D? rectify

44. Professor Hawking is ____ as one of the world's greatest living physicists.
A? dignified B? clarified C? acknowledged D? illustrated

45. The financial problem of this company is further ____ by the rise in interest rates.
A? increased B? strengthened C? reinforced D? aggravated

46. We shall probably never be able to ____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.
A? assert B? impart C? ascertain D? notify

47. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colourful balloons ____ slowly into the sky.
A? ascending B? elevating C? escalating D? lingering

48. Many years had ____ before they returned to their original urban areas.
A? floated B? elapsed C? skipped D? proceeded

49. What you say now is not ____ with what you said last week.
A? consistent B? persistent C? permanent D? insistent

50. Military orders are ____ and cannot be disobeyed.
A? defective B? conservative C? alternative D? imperative

51. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of ____ grouping is advisable.
A? homogeneous B? instantaneous C? spontaneous D? anonymous

52. Even sensible men do ____ things sometimes.
A? abrupt B? absurd C? acute D? apt

53. The commission would find itself ____ at every turn if its members couldn’t reach an agreement.
A? collided B? savaged C? crumbled D? hampered

54. Grain production in the world is _____? but still millions go hungry.
A? staggering B? shrinking C? soaring D? suspending

55. He developed a ____ attitude after years of frustration in his career.
A? sneaking B? disgusted C? drastic D? cynical

56. They believed that this was not the ____ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.
A? climax　　B? summit C? pitch D? maximum

57. Several guests were waiting in the ____ for the front door to open.
A? porch B? vent C? inlet D? entry

58. As the mountains were covered with a _____ of cloud? we couldn’t see their tops.
A? coating B? film C? veil D? shade

59. We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid mothly ____.
A? investments B? requirements C? arrangements D? installments

60. The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _____.
A? illusion B? impression C? image D? illumination

61. A good education is an ____ you can fall back on for the rest of your life.
A? asset B? ethic C? inventory D? obligation

62. Giving a gift can convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciation of their ____ and the importance you place upon the relationship.
A? solidarity B? priority C? superiority D? hospitality

63. The designer has applied for a ____ for his new invention.
A? tariff B? discount C? version D? patent

64. The toy maker produces a ____ copy of the space station? exact in every detail.
A? minimal B? minimum C? miniature D? minor

65. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution? limit oil imports and cut the budget ____.
A? disposition B? discrepancy C? defect D? deficit

66. They have decided to ____ physical punishment in all local schools.
A? put away B? break away from C? do away with D? pass away

67. Astronauts are ____ all kinds of tests before they are actually sent up in a spacecraft.
A? inclined to B? subjected to C? prone to D? bound to

68. Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functions usually include ____rules? holding events? selecting national teams and promoting international links.
A? drawing on B? drawing in C? drawing up D? drawing down

69. Up until that time? his interest had focused almost ____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.
A? restrictively B? radically C? inclusively D? exclusively

70. All the ceremonies at the 2000 Olympic Games had a unique Australian flavor? ____ of their multicultural communities.
A? noticeable B? indicative C? conspicuous D? implicit

试卷二
Part Ⅳ

Directions? This part consists of a short passage. In this passage? there are altogether 10 mistakes? one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word? add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word? cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word? put an insertion mark ∧? in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word? cross it out and put a slash /? in the blank . 　　
Example
    Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods . 1.time /times / period 　　Many of the arguments having use for the study of literature as a 2. / 　　school subject are valid for ∧study of television . 3. the 　　A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which 　　are nothing new in the history of cities ? except in their scale .


　　Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found 　　new one .And any large or rich city is going to attract poor S1____ 　　immigrants ?who flood in ?filling with hopes of prosperity S2____ 　　which are then often disappointing .There are backward towns 　　on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia? just as though there were S3____ 　　on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth- 　　century Paris. This is new is the scale. Descriptions S4____ 　　written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico 　　City? and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there? S5____ 　　are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today--the　　　　　　　S6____ 　　poor can still be numbered in millions. 　　The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity 　　but behind it lies two myths? the myth of the city as a 　　　　S7____ 　　promised land? that attracts immigrants from rural poverty 　　　　　S8____ 　　and brings it flooding into city centers ? and the myth of the 　　　　 S9____ 　　country as a Garden of Eden? which? a few generations late? 　　　　S10____ 　　sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.

Part V Writing 　　
Directions ? For this part ?you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 150 words ?and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below

<p>2002年6月大学英语6级试题答案(更多信息请访问

Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
1～10 A D B D B A B D C B
Section B
11～20 C A B C B C D D C B
Part II Reading Comprehension
21～30 A D C C B C A D B A
31～40 B A D A C B A D C D
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41～50 B B A C D C A B A D
51～60 A B D C D A A C D A
61～70 A D D C D C B C D B
Part IV Error Correction
S1. ∧a
S2. filling —— filled
S3. 删除though
S4. This —— What
S5. was —— where
S6. dissimilar —— similar or close
S7. lies —— lie
S8. that —— which
S9. it —— them
S10. late —— later </p> <

剑桥少儿英语单词会话记忆手册一级 下册 1B Unit 14-英语听力-大

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Unit14

part1

Birthday. n.

Happy birthday.

Blow v.

Blow out the candles first.

Candle n.

Light v.

Can you light the candles for me ?

Motorbike n.

Person n.

Each person can get one piece of cake.

Secret n.

Song n.

Let’s sing a birthday song.

Wish n.

What’s your wish?

Part2

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Happy birthday

A birthday for me

Yes.

What’s your wish?

I want to have a new toy motorbike.

Listen-and-Speak第一册Lesson21-英语听力-大耳朵英语 - 免费在

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上一篇：Listen-and-Speak第一册Lesson20
评录音：Sugababes -About a Girl--网友十年一剑的作品
评录音：Protecting the Environment--网友阿狸朵朵的作品
每日学：VOA慢速听写 120627
每日学：【话题讨论】睡眠达人教你三招轻松入睡 2012.6.27
每日学：1477期英语语法讲解：名词[2012年6月27日]

新视野大学英语读写教程第一册03-英语听力-大耳朵英语 - 免费在

新闻 剧本 文库 歌曲 电影 小语种 雅思 考试 语法 试题 试卷 书籍 考试 教材 口语 词汇 品牌 广播 播客 少儿 小学 初中 高中 四级 六级 考研 口语训练 网络课堂 英语短信 社区 家园 背单词 写作训练 双语桌面 在线查词 翻译 QQ群 专题
Unit 3

Section A

Pre-reading Activities

First Listening
Having ideas about a story before you read it is an important reading skill. Please listen to a very short piece of recording.

Second Listening
Now listen to the recording for the second time and try to the best of your ability to answer the following questions.
1. Why do you think people stared at the father and the son?
2. What do you think a "good heart" is?
3. What is the difference between how the son felt about his father as a youth and how he feels many years later?
4. Now read the story below. How close did you come to knowing the answers before you read the whole story?

A Good Heart to Lean On

More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.

When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we walked together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered,Ralph Lauren Womens Bikini, he never let on.
It was difficult to coordinate our steps — his halting, mine impatient — and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you."
Our usual walk was to or from the subway on which he traveled to work. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make to the office even if others could not. A matter of pride.
When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help. At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, N.Y., on a child's wagon with steel runners to the subway entrance. Once there, he would cling to the hand-rail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home.
When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such shame and stress. And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.
He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.
Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don't know precisely what a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don't have one myself.
Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going. He was a knowledgeable baseball fan and often took me to Ebbets Field to see the Brooklyn Dodgers play. He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.
On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. He wasn't content to sit and watch, but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand. In frustration he began to shout, "I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me! I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me!"
Nobody did. But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.
I now know he participated in some things through me, his only son. When I played ball (poorly), he "played" too. When I joined the Navy, he "joined" too. And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office. Introducing me, he was really saying, "This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different." Those words were never said aloud.
He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a "good heart."
At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, "You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you."

Words: 694

NEW WORDS

lean
vi. 1. rest on sth. in a listing position for support 倚；靠
2. be in a listing position; bend 倾斜；倾向；偏向

balance
n. 1. even sharing of weight; even; equal 平衡；均衡
2. condition that exists when two opposites are equal or in even lots or percents 均势，平衡
v. 1. (cause to) be even and keep in balance （使）平衡，（使）均衡
2. consider in relation to something else; compare 权衡；比较

severe
a. 1. very bad, intense, difficult, etc 非常恶劣的；紧张的；困难的
2. strict or hard in thinking or treatment; using strict discipline 严格的；严肃的；严厉的

severely
ad. in a severe or strict way 严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

▲cripple
vt. 1. make a person unable to walk or move properly because of damage to the back or legs 使跛,<a href="http://wiki.linuxemr.org/index.php?title=User:Jocbbjds#Friends.E5.85.AD.E4.BA.BA.E8.A1.8C.E8.8B.B1.E6.96.87.E5.89.A7.E6.9C.AC.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E5.AD.A3101" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://wiki.linuxemr.org/index.php?title=User:Jocbbjds#Friends.E5.85.AD.E4.BA.BA.E8.A1.8C.E8.8B.B1.E6.96.87.E5.89.A7.E6.9C.AC.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E5.AD.A3101</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.；使残废
2. damage or reduce strength (sth.) seriously 严重地损坏,Ralph Lauren；削弱
n. [C] someone who is unable to use one or more of his body parts, esp. the legs 伤残人（或动物）

inward
a. 1. located within; inside (esp. in the mind or spirit) 在内的；内部的（尤指在头脑中、精神上）
2. turned toward the inside 向内的

inwardly
ad. in mind or spirit 内心或精神方面

coordinate
vt. cause (different parts, body parts, etc.) to work together very well 使协调

halt
v. stop; interrupt 暂停,cheap jordans；中断；中止
n. a stop or pause 暂停；中断；中止

impatient
a. 1. unable to deal calmly with sth./sb. or to wait for sth.; easily annoyed by sth./sb.; not patient 不能冷静地对待或等待的；易烦躁的；不耐心的
2. very eager to do sth. or for sth. to happen; anxious 急切的；渴望的

pace
n. 1. speed, esp. of walking or running （尤指走或跑的）速度
2. speed of progress or development, esp. of an activity 进步或发展的速度（尤指某项活动的速度）
vi. walk with slow, regular, even steps 踱步，慢步走

adjust
v. 1. (to) become or make suited (to new conditions); change 使适应（新环境）；适应
2. (to) change (sth.) by a small bit so that it will fit or be right for use; make regular 调整；校准；调准

subway
n. 1. [C] a railway under the ground in a city（城市中的）地下铁道
2. [C] a tunnel for walking under the ground, esp. one under a road or railway （尤指马路或铁路下方的）地下通道；人行隧道

despite
prep.without being influenced by (the points mentioned) 尽管；不管

▲nasty
a. 1. unpleasant; horrible; disgusting 令人不快的；令人厌恶的
2. unkind; hostile 不友善的；恶意的

wagon
n. 1. a kind of toy handcart for children 儿童手推车
2. a four-wheeled box for carrying heavy loads, usu. pulled by horses or oxen 四轮运货马（牛）车
3. a railway goods or passenger car 铁路货车（或客车）车厢

▲cling
vi. 1. (to) hold on tightly to sb./sth. 抱住；抓紧
2. (to) be unwilling to let go of sth.; refuse to give sth. up 坚持, 坚守；拒不放弃；抱定

rail
n. 1. [C] 横挡；栏杆；护栏
2. [C]（火车或电车的）铁轨

hand-rail
n. [C] （楼梯等的）扶手

tunnel
n. [C] a passage under the ground, e.g. for a road or railway through a hill or under a river or the sea 地下隧道；（为公路或铁路穿过山岭、河流或海底的）隧道

▲basement
n. [C] the lowest room or rooms in a building, partly or wholly below ground level 地下室

amaze
vt. fill (sb.) with great surprise or wonder 使大为惊讶；使惊愕

stress
n. 1.demands or worry (resulting from mental or body problems, difficult situations, etc.)（由于精神、体力不适或困境等造成的）压力；忧虑；紧张
2. special pushing or importance 强调；重视
vt. 1. give particular importance to; push 强调；重视
2. give force to (a word or word-part) when speaking 重读，读重音

complain
vi. (about, of) say that one is not satisfied or unhappy 抱怨,Polo Ralph Lauren；诉苦
complaint
n. 1. the act of saying that one is not satisfied or unhappy 抱怨；诉苦
2. a report of lack of satisfaction 控告；投诉；抱怨

envy
n. (of, at, towards) feeling of lack of worth caused by sb. else's good fortune or success, esp. when one wishes this for oneself 妒忌；羡慕
vt. feel envy of (sb.) or at (sth.) 羡慕；妒忌

envious
a. (of) full of envy; feeling, showing or expressing envy 妒忌的；羡慕的

owner
n. a person to whom sth. belongs 物主；所有人

precise
a. 1. stated clearly and accurately 精确的；准确的；明白的；无误的
2. exact; particular 正好；就在

precisely
ad. exactly; just 准确地；精确地；正好；恰恰

engage
v. 1. (in) (cause sb.to) take part in or be occupied in sth.（使）从事；（使）忙于
2. employ sb.; hire sb. 雇用；聘用
3. use or attract (sb.'s thoughts, time, etc.) 使全神贯注；引起（注意）；占用（时间）

local
a. belonging to a particular place or district 地方的；当地的；本地的
n. someone who lives in the area 当地居民

baseball
n. 棒球运动；棒球

occasion
n. 1. [C] a particular time (at which an event takes place)（事件发生的）特定时刻；时机
2. [C] a suitable or right time (for sth.); an opportunity （适当的）时机；机会

punch
v. 1. strike (sb./sth.) hard with the fist 用拳猛击
2. use a punch to cut (a hole) in (sth.) 用打孔机打孔

▲ shove
vi. push (sb./sth.) roughly 推；挤；撞

aid
n. [U] help 帮助；援助；救护
vt. give support to; help 帮助，援助

unaided
a. without help; by one's self 无助的；独力的

kid
vi. 1. make fun of (sb.) 开玩笑
2. deceive (sb.), esp. through playing; fool 欺骗；哄骗
n. a child or young person 小孩或年轻人

urge
vt. 1. try hard or repeatedly to persuade (sb.) 力劝
2. encourage or excite sb. to do sth. 鼓励；催促；鞭策
n. a strong wish or need 强烈愿望，迫切需求

dive
n. (American slang)a pretending to be struck down to the ground in boxing （美俚）（拳击中）假装被击倒
vi. throw oneself head first into the water 跳水,cheap air jordans，潜水

navy
n. 1. （一国的）海军
2. 一个国家的军舰及其全体官兵

reluctant
a. unwilling and therefore slow to work with sb. or to agree,jordans shoes, etc. 不愿意的；迟迟不合作的；不同意的

reluctance
n. [U] not willing to do sth. 不愿；勉强

worthy
a. 1. having respect or careful thought 值得尊敬的；值得考虑的
2. (of) owning sth. or to do sth. 值得……的；应……的；足以……的

unworthy
a. 1. not owning 不值得的；不配的
2. not suited to the nature of sb./sth.（与……的身份、资格、性质）不适合的；不相称的

▲trifle
n. a thing, question or activity that has little value or importance 无价值的或不重要的东西、问题、行动、琐事，小事
v. (with) treat without the necessary seriousness or respect 轻视，小看

PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS

grow up
develop from being a child to being a man or woman 成长，长大

start out
begin a journey 出发

make it
arrive in time 及时赶到

even if
although 即使，虽然

subject to
cause to experience or suffer 使……遭受

now that
because (something has happened) 既然

even though
in spite of the fact that, even if 虽说，即使

in some way
in a certain manner 以某种方式

have a good time
enjoy oneself (by doing sth.) 过得愉快

break out
begin suddenly and often violently 爆发，突然发生

on leave
spending time away from work or duty 休假

see to
take care; make sure 照料；务必做到，务须

PROPER NAMES
Brooklyn
布鲁克林区（美国纽约市行政区名）

Manhattan
曼哈顿区（美国纽约市行政区名）（由曼哈顿岛等构成）

Ebbets Field
埃贝茨球场

Dodgers
道奇队


Section B

The Right Son at the Right Time

The story began on a downtown Brooklyn street corner. An elderly man had collapsed while crossing the street, and an ambulance rushed him to Kings County Hospital. There, when he came to now and again, the man repeatedly called for his son.
From a worn letter located in his pocket, an emergency-room nurse learned that his son was a Marine stationed in North Carolina. Apparently there were no other relatives.
Someone at the hospital called the Red Cross office in Brooklyn, and a request for the boy to rush to Brooklyn was sent to the Red Cross director of the North Carolina Marine Corps camp. Because time was short — the patient was dying — the Red Cross man and an officer set out in an army vehicle. They found the young man walking through some marshes in a military exercise. He was rushed to the airport in time to catch the sole plane that might enable him to reach his dying father.
It was dusk when the young Marine walked into the entrance lobby of Kings County Hospital. A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside.
"Your son is here," she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times before the patient's eyes opened. The medicine he had been given because of the pain from his heart attack made his eyes weak and he only dimly saw the young man in Marine Corps uniform standing outside the oxygen tent. He extended his hand. The Marine wrapped his strong fingers around the old man's limp ones, squeezing a message of love and encouragement. The nurse brought a chair, so the Marine could sit by the bed.
Nights are long in hospitals, but all through the night the young Marine sat there in the dimly-lit ward, holding the old man's hand and offering words of hope and strength. Occasionally, the nurse urged the Marine to rest for a while. He refused.
Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was there, but he paid no attention to her and the night noises of the hospital — the banging of an oxygen tank, the laughter of the night staff exchanging greetings, the cries and moans and breathing of other patients. Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only held tightly to his son through most of the night.
It was nearly dawn when the patient died. The Marine placed the lifeless hand he had been holding on the bed, and went to inform the nurse. While she did what she had to do, he smoked a cigarette, his first since he got to the hospital.
Finally, she returned to the nurse's station, where he was waiting. She started to offer words of sympathy, but the Marine interrupted her. "Who was that man?" he asked.
"He was your father," she answered, startled.
"No, he wasn't," the Marine replied. "I never saw him before in my life."
"Why didn't you say something when I took you to him?" the nurse asked.
"I knew immediately there'd been a mistake, but I also knew he needed his son, and his son just wasn't here. When I realized he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, I guessed he really needed me. So I stayed. "
With that, the Marine turned and exited the hospital. Two days later a message came in from the North Carolina Marine Corps base informing the Brooklyn Red Cross that the real son was on his way to Brooklyn for his father's funeral. It turned out there had been two Marines with the same name and similar numbers in the camp. Someone in the personnel office had pulled out the wrong record.
But the wrong Marine had become the right son at the right time. And he proved, in a very human way, that there are people who care what happens to their fellow men.

Words: 661

NEW WORDS

elderly
a. (of people) rather old; senior; past middle age（指人）年龄相当大的,<a href="http://amoebe.com/cornellfa10/index.php?title=User:326058774#.E5.B0.91.E5.84.BF.E5.B8.8C.E6.9C.9B.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD1_Lesson02-.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.90.AC.E5.8A.9B-.E5.A4.A7.E8.80.B3.E6.9C.B5.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD_-_.E5.85.8D.E8.B4.B9.E5.9C.A8.E7.BA.BF.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.AD.A6" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://amoebe.com/cornellfa10/index.php?title=User:326058774#.E5.B0.91.E5.84.BF.E5.B8.8C.E6.9C.9B.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD1_Lesson02-.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.90.AC.E5.8A.9B-.E5.A4.A7.E8.80.B3.E6.9C.B5.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD_-_.E5.85.8D.E8.B4.B9.E5.9C.A8.E7.BA.BF.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.AD.A6</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.；中年以上的

collapse
vi. 1. (of a person) fall down (and usu. become unconscious) because of illness, tiredness, etc. （指人）病倒；累倒；昏倒
2. break into pieces and fall down or in suddenly 倒塌；塌陷
n. 1. the act of collapsing 倒塌，塌陷
2. a sudden and complete loss of strength or will 昏倒；崩溃


ambulance
n. a truck equipped to carry sick or hurt people to hospital, etc. 救护车

county
n. 1. (in US and other countries) areas divided inside a state（美国及其他国家）郡；县（州以下的行政区分）
2. the largest unit of local governments in Britain（英国最大行政单位）郡

locate
vt. 1. discover the exact position or place of (sb./sth.) 确定……的位置；找出……的位置
2. （尤用于被动语态）set (sth.) in a place; place 位于

emergency
n. sudden serious event or situation requiring immediate steps to be taken 紧急事件；紧急情况


emergency-room
n. a special room in hospitals where the doctors try to save the people who are in a state of life or death （医院）急诊室

marine
n. [C] a member of a group of soldiers trained to fight on land or sea 海军陆战队的军官或士兵
a. 1. of, near, living in the sea 海里的，海生的
2. of ships and their goods and trade at sea 海运的，海事的

apparent
a. 1. clearly seen or understood; very clear 明显的；显而易见的
2. seeming; unreal 外表的；表面上的；假的

apparently
ad. according to how sth. looks; as it seems 外表上；表面上；看上去像

▲corps
n. military force made up of two or more divisions 军（由两个或两个以上的师组成）

vehicle
n. [C] motor equipment such as a car, truck or cart used for carrying goods or passengers on land 陆上交通工具，车辆

▲marsh
n. (area of) low-lying wet land 沼泽（地带）；湿地

military
a. of or for soldiers or an army; of or for (all the) armed forces 军人的；军用的；陆军的；军事的；军队的

sole
a. 1. one and only; single 惟一的；独一无二的；仅有的
2. belonging to or limited to one person or group; not shared（某人或某公司）专用的；独占的；不公用的

enable
vt. 1. make (sb.) able to do sth. by giving him the necessary power or means（通过授予必要的权利和手段）使能够；使可以
2. make (sth.) possible 使成为可能

dusk
n. [U] time after twilight and before night 黄昏；薄暮

lobby
n. an outer room, entrance-hall or room before main room(s) 门廊；门厅；接待室

dim
a. 1. (of the eyes, eyesight) not able to see well（指眼睛、视力）看不清楚的
2. where or which one cannot see well; not bright 微暗的；朦胧的

dimly
ad. in a dim way 模糊地；朦胧地


oxygen
n. [U] chemical element, a gas without color, taste or smell, present in the air and necessary for all forms of life on earth 氧；氧气

extend
v. 1. lay or move out (the body or a limb) at full length 伸开；展开（身体或四肢）
2. make sth. longer or larger (in space or time) 使（在空间或时间上）伸展；扩大；加大

▲limp
a. 1. lacking strength or energy 无力的；没精神的
2. not straight or firm 柔软的；软弱的
vi. walk with a halting step, one foot or leg moving less well than the other 一瘸一拐地走

squeeze
v. 1. press on (sth.) from opposite sides or all sides 压；挤；榨；紧握
2. force (oneself/sb./sth.) into, through, etc. a narrow gap or limited space 用力使进入（通过）狭窄或有限的空间；挤入；挤过

▲ward
n. 1. a separate part or room for a particular group of patients 病房
2. a person, esp. a child, who is under the care of a guardian or the defense of a law court （尤指小孩）受监护人；受保护人

occasional
a. 1. happening, coming, done, etc., from time to time; not regular 偶尔的；偶然的；不经常的
2. used, meant, written, etc. for a special event 应时的，应景的

occasionally
ad. now and then; at times 偶然地；有时

tank
n. 1.（盛液体或气体的）大容器；大箱；大罐
2. 坦克

laughter
n. [U] act, sound or way of laughing 笑；笑声

staff
n. 1. a group of assistants working together in a business, etc. answering to a manager or person in charge 工作人员
2. 掌权的人；做管理工作的人（与学生和工人相对）

exchange
vt. 1. give sth. and receive sth. (from another person) in return 交换；互换；交流
2. give or receive sth./sb. (of the same kind or value) in place of another 交换

inform
v. 1. (of, about) give sb. knowledge (of sth.); tell sb. 通知；告诉；报告
2. (0n) give evidence or make a charge against sb. (to the police) 控告

sympathy
n. (ability for) sharing the feelings of others; feeling of pity and sadness (for sb.) 同情；怜悯

interrupt
vt. 1. stop (sb.) from speaking, etc., or (sth.) from happening by speaking oneself or by causing some other sort of trouble 打扰（通过插话或干扰，打断某人的谈话或其他正在发生的事情）
2. break the flow (of sth.) for a period of time 使中断

▲startle
vt. give a sudden shock or surprise to (a person or an animal); cause to move or jump suddenly (from surprise) 使大吃一惊；使惊跳起来。

exit
vi. go out; (esp. of an actor) leave (the stage) 退出；（尤指演员）退场

n. [C] a way out 出口

funeral
n. (usu. faith based) a form of burying or burning dead people 葬礼（土葬或火葬）

personnel
n. 1. a department in a firm which deals with workers, esp. with their hiring and benefits 人事部门；人事处
2. people employed in one of the armed forces, a firm or a public office; staff 职员；人员（指军职、公司或公职人员）

PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS

come to
recover consciousness 苏醒，恢复知觉

now and again
sometimes 不时地，有时候

call for
demand; ask for 要求

set out
begin a journey 出发

for a while
for a period of time; for some time 一会儿；有一段时间

pay no attention to
take no notice of 不注意，没留意

now and then
at times; sometimes 不时地，有时候，时时

with that
after doing that 接着，于是

on one's way to
in the course of the journey that one is making somewhere 在路上

turn out
happen to be; be found to be in the end 结果是,Ralph Lauren Shirts；证明是

PROPER NAMES



North Carolina
（美）北卡罗来纳州


Section C

Love of Life

Two men walked slowly, one after the other, through the low water of a river. It ran cold over their feet. They had blanket packs on their backs; guns, but no bullets; matches, but no food.
Suddenly the man behind fell over a stone, hurt his foot badly and called: "Hey, Bill,air jordans, I've hurt my foot." Bill continued without looking back.
The man was alone but not lost in the empty land. He knew the way to camp, and its food and bullets. He struggled to his feet and limped on. He had not eaten for two days. He picked some small round, tasteless fruits. They did not satisfy, but he knew he must eat them.
In the evening he built a fire and slept like a dead man. When he woke up, he took out a small bag weighing fifteen pounds. He wasn't sure he could carry it any longer. But he couldn't leave it behind. He had to take it with him. He put it back into his pack, rose to his feet and continued.
His foot hurt, but it was nothing compared with his hunger, which made him go on until darkness fell. His blanket was wet, but he knew only he was hungry. In his troubled sleep, he dreamed of rich meals. He woke up cold, sick and lost; the small bag was still with him. As he pulled himself along,Ralph Lauren Outlet, the bag became heavier and heavier. He opened the bag, full of small pieces of gold. He left half the gold on a rock. 1. ______
Eleven cold, rainy days passed. Once he found some animal bones with no meat on them. He broke them and ate them like an animal. Would he, too,http://www.wil-book.com/qafvqbtq/blog/70971/ A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account., be bones tomorrow? Why not? This was life. Only life hurt. There was no hurt in death. To die was to sleep. Then why was he not ready to die? He, as a man, no longer desired. Life in him, unwilling to die, drove him on.
One morning he woke up beside a river. Slowly he followed it with his eyes and saw it emptying into a shining sea. When he saw a ship, he closed his eyes. He knew there could be no ship, no sea, here. An imagined picture, he thought. Hearing a noise, he turned around. A wolf（狼）, old and sick, was coming slowly toward him. This was real, he thought. He turned back; the sea and the ship were still there. He didn't understand. Had he been walking north, away from the camp, toward the sea? He started slowly toward the ship, knowing full well the sick wolf was following him. In the afternoon,cheap air jordans shoes, he found the bones of a man. Beside the bones was a small bag of gold, like his own. Bill had carried his gold to the end; he would carry Bill's gold to the ship. Ha-ha! He would have the last laugh on Bill. His laughing sounded like the low cry of an animal. The wolf cried back. The man stopped suddenly and turned away. How could he laugh about Bill's bones and take his gold? 2. ______ 3. ______
He was very sick, now. He inched about on hands and knees, having lost everything— his blanket, his gun, and his gold. Only the wolf stayed with him hour after hour. At last he could go no further. He fell. The wolf came close to him, but the man was ready. He got on top of the wolf and held its mouth closed and bit it with his last strength. The wolf's blood flowed into his mouth. He held the wolf with his teeth and killed it; then he fell on his back and slept. 4. ______ 5. ______
The men on the ship saw a strange object lying on the beach. It was moving toward them — perhaps twenty feet an hour. They went to look and could hardly believe it was a man.
Three weeks later, when he felt better, he told them his story. But there was one strange thing: he feared there wasn't enough food on the ship. They also noticed he was getting fat. They gave him less food, but still he grew fatter with each day. Then one day they saw him put some bread under his shirt. They searched his bed and found food under his blanket. They understood.

Words: 722

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Parties II

PART A Micro-Listening

Sentence Structure Special Questions

I. Directions: You're going to hear ten Questions. Choose the suitable responses to the questions you hear.

1. What's wrong with your car?

a. It's very expensive.

b. I like it.

c. One of the windows is broken.

d. It's not for sale.

2. What does maggie look like?

a. She looks very well.

b. She likes parties a lot.

c. She likes her mother.

d. She is tall and pretty.

3. What does Tom's wife do for a living?

a. She is a doctor.

b. Both Tom and his wife are doctors.

c. She has a happy life.

d. She lives far from here.

4. How do you like this dress?

a. Very well,<a href="http://bbs.pcik.iccgame.com/showthread.php?t=335052" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://bbs.pcik.iccgame.com/showthread.php?t=335052</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account., thank you.

b. The price is reasonable.

c. I bought this dress at a sale.

d. It's my sister's.

5. How tall is your sister?

a. She is not very tall.

b. She is 28 years old.

c. She is very nice.

d. She is as tall as I am.

6. What do you think of this novel?

a. I've read it.

b. It's well-written.

c. It was written by my uncle.

d. I bought it yesterday.

7. How much is this necklace?

a. It's very nice.

b. It's a birthday present from my parents.

c. It costs fifty pounds.

d. It's a bargain.

8. When is your birthday?

a. Nov. 11th,Ralph Lauren Mens City edition,1977.

b. Today.

c. Last november.

d. My friends will have a party for me.

9. How do I get to the cinema?

a. It's very far.

b. Yes, there is a cinema near here.

c. It's about a ten-minute walk from here.

d. Go down this street and turn left.

10. What's the matter, John?

a. I failed my french test.

b. It doesn't matter.

c. Nothing's wrong with him.

d. I don't think I can .

II. Directions: Listen to the song 'Merry Christmas' supply the miss words and sing along.

Bring me (boots) for the rain.

Bring me (cars) for my old train.

Bring me (chocolate) candy canes, and nuts.

Bring me (money), Bring me lots.

Bring us (snow), Bring us ice.

A white Christmas would be nice.

Bring us (health) and (happiness) and (love).

Mary Christmas. That's enough.

PART B Micro-Listening

Passage

Who was the Small Man?

I. Tapesript

It was (Christmas) and there was a (big party) in the house. Guests came and went but the party continued. Then the bell rang. Several people shouted, 'come in,Polo Ralph Lauren!' and a small man opened the front door and came in. Nobody Knew him. But the host went to meet him and took him to the bar for a drink.

The man sat there happily for an hour and drank. Then suddenly he stopped and looked at his host. 'Do you know,' he said,<a href="http://knowledge.opensimsim.net/index.php?title=User:Ujinydxu#.E6.88.91.E7.9A.84.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.9C.AC.E8.8B.B1.E6.96.87.E4.BD.9C.E6.96.87.E4.B9.A6_19-.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.90.AC.E5.8A.9B-.E5.A4.A7.E8.80.B3.E6.9C.B5.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD_-_.E5.85.8D.E8.B4.B9.E5.9C.A8.E7.BA.BF.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.AD.A6" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://knowledge.opensimsim.net/index.php?title=User:Ujinydxu#.E6.88.91.E7.9A.84.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.9C.AC.E8.8B.B1.E6.96.87.E4.BD.9C.E6.96.87.E4.B9.A6_19-.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.90.AC.E5.8A.9B-.E5.A4.A7.E8.80.B3.E6.9C.B5.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD_-_.E5.85.8D.E8.B4.B9.E5.9C.A8.E7.BA.BF.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.AD.A6</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.,cheap air jordans shoes, 'Nobody invited me to this party. I don't know you, I don't know your wife, and I don't know any of your guests. My wife and I wanted to go out in our car. but one of your guests has parked his car in front of our house. So I came here to find him - and my wife is waiting in our car for me to come back'.

II. Exercises with Key

1. Listen to the passage carefully and fill in the blank with the words your hear from the tape.

It was (Christmas) and there was a (big party) in the house. (Many guests) came and when a (small man) came in. the host went (to meet ) him and took him (to the bar)for a (drink). The man sat there (happily) for (an hour) and (drank).

2. Listen to the passage again and choose the best answer to each question you hear.

1. Who was the small man?

a. One of the guests.

b. One of the host's friends.

c. A stranger who lived nearby.

d. A stranger whose car was broken.

2. Why did the samll man come to the party?

a. He was invited by the host and hostess.

b. He came to ask for a drink.

c. He came to ask for help.

d. He came in to look for someone.

3. Where was the small man's wife while he was at the party?

a. At home.

b. At the party, too.

c. At the front gate of the house.

d. In her car.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

a. An unexpencted guest came to the Christmas party.

b. The party lasted for a long time.

c. The small man had a wonderful time at the party.

d. The host and hostess were giving a big party.

5. Which adjective can be used to describe the samll man?

a. Forgetful.

b. Friendly.

c. Hospitable.

d. Warm-hearted.

Dialogue

I love parties

I. Tapescript

Father: Will you answer the door,jordans shoes, Maggie?

Maggie: Yes,Ralph Lauren Womens Bikini, dad. It will be cindy,Ralph Lauren Shirts, I expect.

Cindy: Hello, Maggie!

Maggie: Come in, Cindy.

Cindy: Hello, Mr Green.

Father: Hello, Cindy. Nice to see you.

Cindy: I hope I'm not disturbing you.

Father: No, of course not. You are always welcome.

Maggie: sit down, Cindy. Er....are you doing anything Saturday?

Cindy: No, I don't think so.

Maggie: Then let's have a party.

Cindy: Good idea, I love parties.

Father: What? Another party?

Maggie: Oh,dad, We haven't had one since Christmas.

Father: It was just three days ago.

Maggie: But it's the New Year.

Father: Ok, then.

Cindy: What about the food,air jordans, Maggie?

Maggie: Well, I'll make a fruit punch and you can make a cheese pizza.

Cindy: No problem. I've learn to make it.

Father: Oh,jordans for sale,<a href="http://oxnardwiki.org/w/wiki/index.php?title=User:Agikjrom#.E9.AB.98.E4.B8.89.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E6.99.A8.E8.AF.BB.E7.BB.8F.E5.85.B880.E7.AF.87_14-.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.90.AC.E5.8A.9B-.E5.A4.A7.E8.80.B3.E6.9C.B5.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD_-_.E5.85.8D.E8.B4.B9.E5.9C.A8.E7.BA.BF.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.AD.A6" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://oxnardwiki.org/w/wiki/index.php?title=User:Agikjrom#.E9.AB.98.E4.B8.89.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E6.99.A8.E8.AF.BB.E7.BB.8F.E5.85.B880.E7.AF.87_14-.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.90.AC.E5.8A.9B-.E5.A4.A7.E8.80.B3.E6.9C.B5.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD_-_.E5.85.8D.E8.B4.B9.E5.9C.A8.E7.BA.BF.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.AD.A6</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account., No, think about the mess, Maggie.

Maggie: Don't worry about dad. We'll clean up afterwards.

II. Exercise with key

1. Directions: Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each question you hear.

1) Who is coming?

a. Maggie.

b. Cindy.

c. Mother.

d. Father.

2) What is Maggie planning to do next Saturday?

a. To have a Christmas party.

b. To have a party for the New Year.

c. To have a picnic.

d. To make some cakes and drinks.

3) What food are Maggie and friend going to prepare?

a. Fruit and cheese cake.

b. Cheese and fruit punch.

c. Cheese pizza and fruit punch.

d. Pizza and cheese cake.

4) What does Maggie's father think of the party?

a. He think Maggie has parties too often.

b. He worries about the food for the party.

c. He hates the mess Maggie and her friends leave after a party.

d. He doesn't want to join them in the party.

5) What do you know from the dialogue?

a. Maggie's father hates parties.

b. Cindy lives very near.

c. Cindy hasn't come to see Maggie for a long time.

d. The conversation takes place on a Saturday.

2. Directions: Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with you hear from the tape.

1) It'll be Cindy, (I expect).

2) I hope ( I'm not disturbing you).

3) (Good idea). I love parties.

4) Oh, no,air jordans shoes, (think about the mess),Ralph Lauren Mens Match Polos, Maggie.

5) Don't worry about that. We'll (clean up afterwards).

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Lesson 12

Part A

A Nation of Immigrants

The United States has been called a ‘nation of immigrants’. Indeed,cheap air jordans shoes, aside from the American Indians, all Americans are immigrants or the descendants of immigrants. All have come from other places within the last 400 years.

Americans came from different parts of the earth and for different reasons. Some came to escape persecution, religious or political; others to find a better life for themselves and their children. Still others were looking for adventure or for wealth. As for the blacks, they were forcibly brought here as slaves.

Immigrants usually came in ‘waves’. The early settles came mainly on the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, mostly from the British Isles. In the middle decades of the nineteen century a much larger wave of immigrants arrived, chiefly from Ireland and Germany. But the really huge wave reached the United States between 1880 and 1920. Over twenty-three million people came during that period, more than twice as many as had come in all the years before. Unlike their predecessors,Ralph Lauren, who were mostly from northwestern Europe, the later arrivals were mainly from eastern and southern Europe and from various parts of Asia. This meant that they were quite different from the old-time Americans in language,Ralph Lauren Womens Bikini, appearance,jordans for sale, customs,air jordans, attitudes, and in other respects.

All these immigrants as well as the later ones had to adjust to the unfamiliar conditions they found in the new place and all had to work very hard to survive. Consequently, newcomers tend to stay together, forming close-knit communicates and clinging to their old customs and language. They also organized mutual-aid societies to help one another in the new environment.

On the other hand, common condition and events, especially political and economic ones, tended to draw people of diverse backgrounds together. Public education did much to turn the children of the immigrants into Americans in a rather short time. Indeed, the children of immigrants soon spoke English rather than their mother tongue and many broke their ties with their original backgrounds.

For a very long time the United States was regarded as a ‘melting pot’. This meant that all the diverse elements would be ‘melted down’ into something 100 percent American. In other words, immigrants were to alter their old ways and become American as fast as they could. But in more recent years, many immigrants began to realize that in giving up their old customs they were losing much that was valuable and close to their hearts. Children and grandchildren of immigrants began to wonder about their ‘root’, or their ethnic origins. They wanted to learn more of the old ways that they remembered, though not very clearly, from their childhood. And the more they studied their past, the closer they felt to it.

In the meantime more and more people have become aware that despite all the old talk of a ‘melting pot’, the United States is really far from being such a thing. They find that the American culture contains many elements that have come from other cultures and other places—family names, words and expressions in the language, foods,cheap air jordans, games, music,<a href="http://www.jncz-club.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=531648&pid=660737&page=1&extra=page=1#pid660737" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.jncz-club.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=531648&pid=660737&page=1&extra=page=1#pid660737</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account.,Ralph Lauren Shirts, religious beliefs. Gradually Americans have begun to realize that the United States is not a melting pot at all. Rather, it is a ‘mosaic’, composed of many patterns and colors,air jordans shoes, represented by the various racial and ethnic groups. Each of these has contributed to making the whole nation ever so much richer, stronger and more interesting.

Direction 1

1. What is the passage mainly about?

2. Which figure is closer to the number of people who emigrated to the United States before 1880?

3. Which statement is true according to the passage?

4. In the old days, what would immigrants do to help themselves survive in the American society?

5. What was the recent realization among descendants of immigrants?

ddbdc

Direction 2

1. escape from persecution

2. seek a better life for themselves and their children

3. seek adventure and wealth

4. 17th and 18th centuries

5. Ireland and Germany

6. eastern and southern Europe

7. close-knit communities

8. mutual-aid societies

9. adjust new and strange conditions

10. learn more about the old ways

PART B

Peach soak green alive sun

PART C

Most Americans don’t like to get advice from the members of their family. When they need advice they don’t usually ask the people they know. Instead, many Americans write letters to newspapers and magazines which give advice on different subjects,<a href="http://wiki.meaz.org/index.php?title=User:Uowkuhwx#.E6.88.91.E7.9A.84.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.9C.AC.E4.BA.B2.E5.AD.90.E8.8B.B1.E6.96.87.E4.B9.A6_001-.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.90.AC.E5.8A.9B-.E5.A4.A7.E8.80.B3.E6.9C.B5.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD_-_.E5.85.8D.E8.B4.B9.E5.9C.A8.E7.BA.BF.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://wiki.meaz.org/index.php?title=User:Uowkuhwx#.E6.88.91.E7.9A.84.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.9C.AC.E4.BA.B2.E5.AD.90.E8.8B.B1.E6.96.87.E4.B9.A6_001-.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E5.90.AC.E5.8A.9B-.E5.A4.A7.E8.80.B3.E6.9C.B5.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD_-_.E5.85.8D.E8.B4.B9.E5.9C.A8.E7.BA.BF.E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account., including family problem, the use of language, health,cheap jordans, cooking, child care,Ralph Lauren Mens Match Polos,<a href="http://www.zombie-movies.net/index.php?title=User:563222048#The_Railway_Children-7" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.zombie-movies.net/index.php?title=User:563222048#The_Railway_Children-7</a> A confirmation request was sent to your alternate email address. You must click the link in the email to complete adding this address to your account., clothes and how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers regularly print letters from readers with problems. Every other week along with the letters there are answers sent by people who are thought to know how to solve such problems.

Some of these writers are doctors; others are lawyers or educators. But among the most famous writers of advice are two women without special training for this kind of work. One of them answers letters addressed to ‘Dear Abby’. The other is addressed as ‘Dear Ann’. Experience is their preparation for giving advice.

There is one writer who has not lived long enough to have much experience. She is a girl named Angel Brown, who started writing advice foe newspaper readers at the age of ten. Her advice to young readers now appears regularly in the Philadelphia Bulletin in a column called ‘Dear Angel’.

1. What do most Americans do when they need advice?

2. Newspapers give advice on a number of subjects. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

3. How often do most newspapers print letters from readers?

4. What do you know about the two very famous writers of advice?

5. What can you infer from the passage?

Ccbdb

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1.I'm just killing time .

2.Are you just killing time by coming here?

3.To kill time you may walk around here.

4.Let's play cards to kill time.

5.How shall we kill the rest of the time?

6.Is it a good way to kill time by talking?

7.It's a stupid way to kill time by talking.

8.There's just killing time.

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Lesson 85 Television Day:The Lascaux Cave

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UNIT 71 RADIO PROGRAMS (Ⅰ)

Lesson 141

Part Ⅰ Warming-up Exercises

Note-taking: Radio Program Reminders
1. VOA / Jim Tedder
Alan Silverman: _____________
_____________________________
Tonight: a. ___________ in Special English
b. ___________________" development of conservative social / political policies in 20s U.S.

2. VOA / Jim Tedder
Alan Silverman: _____________
_____________________________
Tonight: a. _________________
b. ____________: understanding _____________________
Score: ________

Part Ⅱ News (VOA)

Vocabulary

1. parachutist
2. rotor
3. blade
4. sky-diver
5. plunge
6. hijack
7. ordeal
8. custody
9. fake
10. cockpit
11. Mannheim
12. Amritsar
13. Lashmir
14. Lahore

Notes

The hijacking,air jordans shoes, or forcible seizure,Polo Ralph Lauren, of commercial aircraft in flight became widespread during the 1960s. The passengers in the planes were usually held hostage for the acceptance of the hijackers' demands. Some hijackers were escaped prisoners seeking to leave the country; some demanded money; others had political aims.

Student Evaluation

My general Impression Content:
____ helpful _____ adequate
____ inadequate
Level Of Difficulty:
____ easy ____ fair
____ difficult
My Major Problems
____ understanding meanings
____ selecting major points
____ organizing facts
____ retaining concepts
My Comprehension Score
__________________________

Exercises:
Ⅰ. (News Item 1)
Event: _____________________
Occasion: International air-show to
____________________________
Time: ______________________
Place: _____________________
____________________________
Casualties:
1. Number of Victims: ______
2. Identity: _______________
3. Nationality: ____________

Cause: _____________________

Ⅱ. (News Item 2)
Place bound for? How many passenger and crew members? How many hijackers? Hijacking process? What arms? Ordered destination? Landed where? Why? How long the incident? Casualties? Result?

Part Ⅲ The Junior Olympic Games

Vocabulary

1. concept
2. gymnastics
3. Tennessee
4. Knoxville
5. Winston-Salem
6. Carolina

Notes

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Student Evaluation

My general Impression Content:
____ helpful _____ adequate
____ inadequate
Level Of Difficulty:
____ easy ____ fair
____ difficult
My Major Problems
____ understanding meanings
____ selecting major points
____ organizing facts
____ retaining concepts
My Comprehension Score
__________________________

Exercises:

Purpose of the Games: ________
______________________________
Competing System: ____________
______________________________
History of the Games:
Time
1) 1967 (1st Games)
2) ________________
3) ________________
4) ________________
Location
1) ________________
2) ________________
3) ________________
4) ________________
Number of Sports
1) ________________
2) ________________
3) ________________
4) ________________
Number of Participants
1) ________________
2) ________________
3) ________________
4) ________________

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n. something that encourages someone 刺激

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Unit 2
Human Behavior
After-Class Reading

PASSAGE I When to Keep Your Mouth Shut

The owner of a New Jersey printing business was delighted when another company wanted to buy one of his used printing machines. After careful calculations, he fixed a price of $2.5 million and formulated his arguments.
When he sat down to negotiate, however, an inner voice told him, "Wait." The buyers quickly filled the silence with a rundown of the machine's strengths and weaknesses.[1] The seller said nothing. Then the buyers said, "We'll give you $3.5 million, but not a penny more." Less than an hour later, the deal was made.
Opportunities to improve a situation by "zipping your lip" come up all the time in everyday dealings with others. Sometimes the benefit of keeping your mouth shut may be that you won't have to eat your words. Take my friend Ben.[2] Like many of us when we are unsure of ourselves or trying to be polite, Ben sometimes blurts out things that come back to haunt him.[3]
The first time he was invited to dinner by his brother's new wife, she served tomato aspic. Ben hated the stuff but wanted to compliment her. So he raved, "This aspic is great!" She was so flattered that she remembered-and served it to him every time he visited for the next 15 years!
Sometimes an unthinking remark, no matter how innocently made, can have serious consequences. Harold and his wife once ran into neighbors in their apartment building late at night. Startled, he tried to be friendly and said, "I hear congratulations are in order.[4]" There was an awkward silence. Later Harold's wife reminded him that the woman had recently miscarried. "Nowadays," Harold says, "if I'm momentarily thrown[5], I count to ten before I say anything."
Not only is there wisdom in knowing when to keep your mouth shut; there are practical advantages as well. Lawyers tell a story about a man accused of biting off another fellow's ear in a brawl. A defense attorney spent the morning challenging the prosecution's main witness. He thought he had destroyed the man's story but couldn't resist one final verbal blow.[6]
"You've admitted that you were not very close to the scene of the alleged crime and that you didn't see my client bite off the ear. How can you possibly testify against him?" the defense attorney demanded.
The witness paused, then smiled and said, "I saw him spit it out."
As the saying goes, "Few men have ever repented of silence." Or few women.
My husband was under so much pressure at work when our first child was born that he became somewhat distant from me and the baby. After a few weeks of this, I was exhausted and burning to vent my feelings.
One day I wrote him an angry letter. Then, I don't know why exactly, I put the letter aside. The next day my husband offered to change the baby's diaper. "I guess it's about time I learned to do these things,"[7] he said.
I never did find out what caused his change of heart.[8] I'm glad I gave him time. A blowup would have accomplished nothing, and he was great after that.
Waiting Is a strategy that is too often overlooked in all kinds of situations. Sometimes it's a wonder what a small dose of determined silence can do.
My mother recalls the time she accompanied her friend Mary Ann to return a gift during the after-Christmas sales. The scene at the department store was pandemonium. Mary Ann asked for a refund, but the busy clerk said the dress couldn't be returned and walked away to assist another customer. Mary Ann simply plunked down the dress by the cash register and waited.
Ten minutes later, the clerk returned. Mary Ann smiled and continued to wait. The clerk busied herself at the register. Several more silent minutes passed. Then, without a word, the clerk picked up the dress and disappeared. After about three minutes she returned-with the money! Mary Ann's patient and polite silence had paid off where a loud harangue might well have failed.[9]
There are, of course, times when it is important not to keep our mouths shut-to counter injustice, to soothe a friend, to straighten out a misunderstanding. At such moments, we are obligated to speak, but the task is to find the right words. Here, too, a moment's reflection can make your remarks more precise-and effective.
Michele, my college roommate, was raised as a Quaker, but she had Jewish grandparents who died in a Nazi concentration camp. Last year, friends who were unaware of Michele's background complained that their son had married a Jewish woman. They had refused to meet their daughter-in-law and were making their son miserable. Weighing a friendship she still valued against her discomfort at blatant bigotry, Michele decided to speak up.[10] "I'm proud of my heritage, and I'm sorry you feel the way you do," she told them,air jordans, "but your comments are making me very unhappy."
Stunned, Michele's friends apologized. They also took her words to heart and, not long after, made peace with their daughter-in-law.
Michele had carefully considered the effect of her words; then she spoke to them honestly and forthrightly. The result was better understanding. This is the single most important rule to remember in deciding whether or not to speak: ask yourself if what you are going to say will improve a situation or relationship.
In the past, psychologists used to say that we should "talk things out" with others. But, increasingly, I find that getting along with another human being sometimes demands tolerance and silence.
Adele Faber, co-author of How to Talk So Kids Will Listen and Listen So Kids Will Talk, tells how silence conquered the nightly battle over bedtime between a mother and her eight-year-old son, Jonathan.
One night Jonathan came downstairs as usual after being tucked into bed. "Mom, I can't sleep!" he said.
"Oh, you can't sleep. Hmmm," his mother replied. She stopped, looked at him with compassion and waited. A full minute passed without a word.
At last Jonathan spoke. "I think I'll put on my favorite pajamas," he said. "Then I'll sleep better." And off he went to bed.
It's not always easy to let those you love experience pain, frustration or anger. You want to relieve their problems instead of letting them find their own solutions.
Joanna, Faber's teenage daughter, came home one day looking distressed. Faber said, "Joanna, something happened," and her daughter burst into tears. "We sat on the sofa, and I held her while she sobbed," recalls Faber. "Ten minutes later she took a deep breath, looked at me and sighed. 'Thanks, Mom,cheap jordans,' she said. Then she got up and left."
Faber never did find out what was wrong. A long, attentive, loving embrace was what Joanna wanted most. Then she would solve her problem on her own.
"Your silent support can provide the soil in which the other person's solutions begin to grow,"[11] says Faber. "Silence is not withdrawal. Silence comes out of respect. It says, 'I'm here for you, but I'm not going to get in the way.'"
Like a composer who knows that the space between the notes is as important as the notes themselves, each of us must realize that our silences can be as expressive as the words we choose. The result is greater harmony and effectiveness. (1233 words)

Proper Names

Adele Faber
（女子名）阿黛尔.费伯

Ben
（男子名）本

Harold
（男子名）哈罗德

Joanna
（女子名）乔安娜

Jonathan
（男子名）乔纳森

Michele
（女子名）米歇尔

New Jersey
新泽西州（美国）

Quaker
a member of the Society of Friends,jordans for sale, a Christian denomination (宗教派别) founded by George Fox in 1650 公谊会（又称教友会或贵格会）教徒


New Words

allege
v. state or claim something without proof or before finding proof (无证据或发现证据之前)指控，宣称
e.g. Nearly 1, 000 public officials were alleged to be members of an illegal secret society.

alleged
adj. declared or stated to be as described 被指控的，嫌疑的
e.g. Nine people were arrested after a police investigation into an alleged attempt to steal ￡40 million from British Aerospace.

aspic
n. clear and shiny jelly made from meat or vegetable juices (花色)肉冻

bigotry
n. extreme intolerance of any creed, belief, or opinion that differs from one's own 偏执的行为、态度或信念
e.g. This male judge has taken his bigotry into court.

blatant
adj. shameless, offensively noticeable 无耻的，露骨的
e.g. The manager was nearby and must have observed the blatant theft.

blowup *
n. (informal) a violent argument, outburst of temper or the like 激烈的争论，脾气爆发
e.g. I think they've had a blowup again.

brawl
n. noisy quarrel or fight 争吵，打架
e.g. His two front teeth were knocked out in a brawl.

burning
adj. intense; passionate 强烈的，热烈的，迫切的
e.g. Suddenly she felt a burning desire to tell him the truth.

calculation *
n. a way of using numbers in order to find out an amount, price, or value 计算，推算，估计（的结果）
e.g. Our calculations show that the firm made a profit of over $ 1 million last year.

dealings
n. (plural) personal or business relations （私人或商务）交往、关系
e.g. I've had dealings with him, but I don't know him very well.

diaper
n. (AmE) a piece of folded cloth or other absorbent material worn as underpants by a baby 尿布

effectiveness *
n. the state of being adequate to accomplish a purpose or producing the intended result 有效，能产生预期效果
e.g. Methods vary dramatically in effectiveness.

embrace
1) n. an encircling hug with the arms 拥抱，怀抱
e.g. They greeted us with warm embraces.
2) v. put arms around someone and hold them tightly to show love or affection 拥抱，怀抱
e.g. Before she could embrace him he stepped away.

forthrightly
adv. clearly and honestly; straightforwardly 言行坦诚地，直率地
e.g. He has a reputation for criticizing others forth-rightly.

harangue
n. a loud long speech that criticizes or blames people, or tries to persuade them 慷慨冗长的训话，言辞激烈的讲话
e.g. Whenever they started their harangue, he simply sat back and stopped listening.

innocently *
adv. without intentions of offending others无恶意地，无害地
e.g. Innocently, I asked her what her feelings about the strike were.

miscarry
v. (of a woman) to have a miscarriage 流产
e.g. Emma miscarried and nearly died.

momentarily
adv. temporarily, for a very short time 短暂地，瞬间地，片刻地
e.g. Rosie paused momentarily, then clearing her throat she continued.

Nazi
adj. of or relating to the Nazis 纳粹党的

nightly
adj. coming or occurring each night or at night 夜间的，每夜的
e.g. I was watching the nightly television news.

obligate *
v. (usually passive) make someone feel or understand that some action is morally or legally necessary(在法律或道义上)强制......做某事，使负有责任，负有义务
e.g. Ha was obligated to carry out his current orders and felt he had no choice.

pajamas
n. a soft loose-fitting pair of trousers and short coat worn in bed, especially by men 睡衣裤

pandemonium
n. a state of wild and noisy disorder大混乱，嘈杂骚乱（的场面）

prosecution *
n. (used with the) the group of people who represent the person bringing a criminal charge against someone in court 控方，代表原告的律师
e.g. I) I appeared as a witness for the prosecution in a trial at the court.
II) The public interest required fairness to the prosecution as well as the defence.

rave
v. talk or write with great or too great enthusiasm 极力夸奖，狂热赞扬
e.g. The car magazines have been raving about the new model.

relieve
v. lessen or remove (pain, anxiety, trouble, etc.) 缓解，减轻，解除（痛苦，忧虑，麻烦等）
e.g. I) By writing down all the birthdays you relieve yourself of the burden of remembering them.
II) Costs and delays are increasing and there appear to be no extra resources to relieve these problems.

repent
v. (formal) feel sorry for and wish one had not done something bad 懊悔，后悔
e.g. He repented of his sins just hours before he died.

rundown
n. a point-by-point summary 扼要报告，总结
e.g. We should give Charlie a quick rundown on what we've done so far.

sofa
n. a comfortable seat with raised arms and a back, wide enough for 2 or 3 people (长)沙发.

stun
v. shock or surprise (somebody) very greatly, especially with something unexpected 使震惊，使目瞪口呆
e.g. I) I was stunned by the news of his death.
II) News of the disaster stunned people throughout the world.

testify
v. give evidence, declare as a witness, especially in court 作证（尤指出庭）,证明
e.g. I) Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favor.
II) He testified that he had seen the man leaving the building around the time of the murder.

tolerance
n. willingness or ability to bear somebody or something 容忍，忍受
e.g. I) He has a sense of humor plus tolerance and patience.
II) My tolerance of heat is considerably greater after having lived in the Far East for 2 years.

unthinking
adj. said, done, etc. without proper consideration; thoughtless 考虑不周的，疏忽的
e.g. What annoys me about these people is their unthinking hostility to anything foreign or unfamiliar.

withdrawal *
n.
1) social or emotional detachment (社交场合或情绪方面的)冷漠
e.g. Despite the apparent willingness to cooperate, he sensed a withdrawal in her eyes.
2) an amount of money someone takes from his bank 取款,提款
e.g. The bank became suspicious after several large withdrawals were made from his account in a single week.

zip
v. close or open with or as if with a zipper (用拉链或像拉链那样)合上或打开

Phrases and Expressions

in order
1) appropriate, desirable 合适的，适宜的
e.g. Congratulations are in order for Evelyn Hamilton who has won the Luard Scholarship, which gives her a year of study in England with all expenses paid.
2) properly organized, in proper state or condition 整齐，有条不紊
e.g. Thousands of trees have been planted in order to create new woodlands for the future.

blurt out
say something suddenly and without thinking 脱口而出
e.g. I) She suddenly blurted out, "I'm not going."
II) He burst into tears, blurting out his guilt before his horrified parents.

come up
arise, become available, take place
e.g. I) We'll let you know if any vacancies come up.
II) When the opportunity to run a major film studio came up, she took it immediately.

eat one's words
admit that what one said was wrong, take back humbly something one has said 承认说错，收回前言
e.g. I) I was made to eat my words when the scheme turned out to be a great success.
II) They said he'd never win another tournament, but a year later he forced them to eat their words as he won the US Open.

in the way
causing inconvenience or an obstruction 妨碍，阻碍
e.g. I) He tried to get to the door, but the table was in the way.
II) I couldn't see the stage because there was a pillar in the way.

make peace with someone
put an end to a quarrel with someone 和解，言归于好
e.g. She went to her mother's room to make peace with her.

run into someone
meet someone by chance 偶然遇见某人
e.g. I ran into an old neighbor of mine at the garage this afternoon.

speak up
say publicly and freely what one thinks 明确而坦率地发表意见
e.g. I) Never be frightened of speaking up for your beliefs.
II) We all agreed to speak up at the next town meeting about the poor bus service.

straighten out
settle or resolve, remove difficulties from (something) 处理，解决，整顿
e.g. I) A legal contract does help to straighten out the mess when things go wrong.
II) There are a few matters I need to straighten out with you before we start.

take... to heart
be deeply affected by, grieve over 对......深为感动，为......而悲痛
e.g. I) I took your criticism very much to heart.
II) You needn't take a little incident so much to heart.

weigh... against...
compare two facts or situations when you are making a decision in order to decide which is more important 权衡，掂量，斟酌
e.g. I) You must weigh one fact against the next to arrive at an answer.
II) Weighing the advantages of the operation against the risks involved, he decided to take some medicine instead.

zip one's lip
stop talking, keep a secret 缄口不言，不露风声
e.g. They told her to zip her lip if she didn't want trouble.


PASSAGE II Overcoming Procrastination: A Practical Approach

Do you find that you often begin correspondence with a phrase like, "I'm sorry it's taken me so long to get back to you,"[1] or, "My apologies for the delay in responding"? This may be an indication that you're in the habit of putting things off. Similarly, a desk of files filled with projects which you have yet to begin or which are partially completed but inactive,[2] is another sure sign that there's a problem. If you are one of those people who insists on cleaning up all the little projects awaiting you, in order to remove those "bothersome little things" before you begin a major project, you are actually engaging in procrastination by allowing yourself to fall victim to the "tyranny of the trivial." [3]

Reasons for Procrastinating

Like many issues involving time management, procrastination is a behavioral problem, and like all such problems it can, with sufficient motivation, be changed. In order to change a behavioral pattern, however, it is necessary to understand the reasons for that behavior.
Don't know where to start. If you think about it, the tasks which you tend to postpone will generally fall into two categories. The first of these is the fairly large or complex task. Such tasks are generally important in their outcome, which only adds to the pressure to do a good job, and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin. The result is that the task is put off until it simply has to be dealt with.
An unpleasant task. The second category of task commonly postponed is that which is either unpleasant to do or may have unpleasant consequences.[4] This may be some aspect of your work that you simply don't enjoy, or it may be something like a negative job appraisal for an employee,Ralph Lauren Womens Bikini, for which you know there will be repercussions. Again, the task is put off until other pressures make it necessary for it to be tackled.
Fear of failure. On a bit more "psychological" note,[5] there are those who put off tasks because they have a subconscious fear that they will not be able to perform them satisfactorily. Related to this are those who hold themselves to the standard of perfection for all work they do.[6] If they suspect that their work will be less than perfect they may be inclined to put it off.
Excusing sub-standard performance. At the opposite end of the spectrum are those who use procrastination (generally not on a conscious level) as a means of excusing work which they know is of poor quality.[7] " I could have done better if I'd had more time," is the general refrain of such people,[8] though on closer examination it may be found that they didn't have time because they chose to procrastinate. Keep in mind, of course, that there are some projects which do come up as emergencies and for which you really don't have sufficient time, so don't assume that this refrain is always a sign of a procrastination problem.

Overcoming Procrastination

It is important that you take the time to recognize which reasons apply most to you or to your staff members. By doing so you will be able to select from the solutions that follow, the one or more that will best help you to overcome procrastination.[9]
Use the SWAP approach. If you analyze an overwhelming task that is currently facing you, you will probably find that it can be broken down into a number of smaller, more manageable pieces. A logical order will emerge for completing each part, or you may have to impose such an order on the component parts. You can then SWAP-Start With A Part. And if you've listed the various parts in writing-which is recommended-you can have the pleasure of crossing them off step by step, and seeing a visual representation of the fact that as you complete each step you bring your-self closer to the completion of the overall project.
The importance of deadline. We tend to see deadlines as a cause of stress rather than as a solution. This is because they are often unrealistic, and they are often imposed by others. Actually, when you face a project of which no deadline has been established, you should establish one. This helps you to focus on a project, and it helps you plan your time. Deadlines should not be set only for the completion of the project, but for the various steps along the way as well. Be sure, however, that your deadlines are realistic, or you will only increase the pressure which deadlines-strange as it may seem-have the power to reduce.
The power of priorities. When is procrastination not procrastination? When you have postponed low priority tasks in order to complete tasks of a higher priority. Not everything we do has the same importance and we must recognize this and use it in setting priorities. We must also remember that priorities must constantly be reevaluated and recorded as circumstances change. If you find that the tasks you are postponing are consistently of low importance, don't worry. Sometimes, though, you may find that high priority items are the very ones you seek to avoid, while filling your time with "comfort tasks." If this is the case you may choose to give yourself a reward. It may sound trivial, but it works.
Tell someone else. If you have a big project to work on, let someone else know about it, and let them know what your deadline is. It may be a co-worker, it may be a family member, it may be a friend. The fact is that while we often don't mind disappointing ourselves, we are far less likely to disappoint others. Thus, we have the incentive to work on the project, if for no other reason than that we would be embarrassed to have to admit to a friend, family member or co-worker, that we have failed.[10]
Avoid momentum busters. It is imperative that you build-and maintain-momentum in working on a project.[11] As Newton tells us, "A body at rest tends to remain at rest, while a body in motion tends to remain in motion." Newton wasn't talking about procrastination, but he might have been. Surely the most important step in completing any project is to start it, by whatever means necessary. Once you've started, then you have to try to avoid things that will bring you to a halt again. The worst of these is interruptions. If at all possible,[12] try to remove yourself from the source of interruptions. It's all right to say to a friend that you can't talk because you're working on an important project. And as far as the interruptions you can't avoid, be sure that you return to the project immediately after you have dealt with them. Don't stop when you're facing a difficulty, because you won't be inclined to return to the project and face that same difficulty the next time.
Breaking habits requires the creation of other, better habits in their place, and this is never an overnight process. Nor should it be an overwhelming one.[13] The surest route to failure is to look at this list of solutions and attempt to put them all into effect at once. Select a single solution which seems to have the greatest impact on your specific pattern of procrastination behavior, and begin to put that into effect immediately. Recognize that it will take some time before these new behaviors become ingrained in your regular work process. Once they have, however, you can add additional solutions and change additional behaviors, always being careful to avoid the temptation to become obsessed with the subject. There are, and there always will be, things that you should postpone until later, and you must differentiate these from cases of true procrastination. (1332 words)

Proper Names

Newton
牛顿(1642-1727)英国物理学家、数学家和天文学家

New Words

appraisal
n.
1) the estimate or considered opinion of the nature, quality, importance, etc. 对......作出的评价、鉴定、评估
e.g. I) How do I obtain a proper appraisal of my work?
II) Remember that the appraisal you will receive will be the judgement of a professional publisher, exactly the person your work must convince.
2) the act of estimating or judging the nature or value of something or someone 评价，鉴定，评估
e.g. The boss is busy with the annual appraisal of the employees' work.

bothersome *
adj. troublesome, annoying 引起麻烦的，令人厌烦的
e.g. Aircraft noise is particularly bothersome here since we're close to Heathrow Airport.

buster
n. (AmE) a person or thing that destroys or stops something 起破坏、制止作用的人或物
e.g. He's been a crime buster (侦破罪案的侦探) for years.

completion *
n. the state of having been finished or completed 完成
e.g. I) His work was still far from completion.
II) On successful completion of the course, students should be in a position to contribute significantly to a wide range of industrial research.

imperative *
adj. absolutely necessary or required 必要的，紧急的
e.g. It is imperative that we make a quick decision.

incentive
n. something that arouses someone to action, stimulus 刺激,cheap air jordans，鼓励
e.g. I) The promise of a bonus (奖金) acted as an incentive to greater effort.
II) He had no necessity to write, and therefore no incentive to go on practicing
his spelling.

ingrained
adj. firmly fixed or established, difficult to change 根深蒂固的，牢固的
e.g. The belief that you should own your house is deeply ingrained in British society.

interruption *
n. an act or instance of making a break or causing to stop, or the state of being broken off 打断，阻碍，中断
e.g. I) She hates interruptions when she's working.
II) I wish it was possible to work without interruption in this office.

manageable *
adj. that can be managed, easily controlled 可管理的，可处理的，易控制的
e.g. I) Books and documents are manageable in small numbers.
II) They want a house big enough to have friends and family to stay, but compact enough to be manageable.

momentum
n. force that increases the rate of development of a process; impetus 动力，冲力，势头
e.g. I) The trend towards political change in South Africa was gathering momentum.
II) The firm has been growing rapidly, but you can't keep that kind of momentum up forever.

procrastinate
v. keep delaying something that must be done 拖延，耽搁
e.g. I know I have to deal with the problem at some point-I'm just procrastinating.

recommend
v.
1) suggest (a course of action, treatment, etc.), advise 建议，劝告
e.g. I) I recommend that you resign.
II) We strongly recommend reporting the incident to the police.
2) commend, present... as worthy of confidence, acceptance, or use 推荐，举荐
e.g. I) Can you recommend any reasonably-priced hotel in Amsterdam?
II) I asked my friends to recommend a doctor who is good with children.

repercussion
n. an effect or result of some previous action, event or decision (间接的)影响、后果
e.g. They can't foresee the complex repercussions of the changes they seek to introduce.

representation *
n. the description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way or as being of a certain nature 表现，描述，描绘
e.g. I) The painting is a representation of a storm at sea.
II) Her work is a subjective representation of the external world.

subconscious *
adj. existing or operating in the mind beneath or beyond consciousness 下意识的，潜意识的
e.g. Our subconscious mind registers things which our conscious mind is not aware of.

trivial
adj. that has little value or importance 不重要的，琐碎的
e.g. I) You may consider this sort of information trivial.
II) Don't waste your strength on trivial things until you have done the important ones.

unrealistic *
adj. not practical 不切实际的，不现实的
e.g. I) This demand is unrealistic and unworkable.
II) It was unrealistic to expect changes to be made overnight.

Phrases and Expressions

break down... into...
separate into component parts 把......分解为、分（类）为
e.g. I) Chemicals in our body break our food down into useful substances.
II) The negotiators (谈判者) are likely to break down their delegations into sub-committees in an attempt to deal with each problem separately.

bring ... to a halt
stop the forward movement or progress of something 使停止，使停顿下来
e.g. I) There are still concerns that the negotiation could again be brought to a halt.
II) The work has been slowed down and we'll be brought to a halt whether we like it or not.

clean up
1) finish, put an end to 做完，完成
e.g. He kept at the job until he had cleaned it up.
2) clean thoroughly and remove anything unwanted 彻底扫除，收拾干净
e.g. It will help you clean up rubbish such as cans and picnic packaging (包装物).
3) make free from crimes and other unwanted activities 整治，清除
e.g. The authorities are coming to clean up the country's crime epidemic (频频发生), which threatens to ruin the vital tourist industry.

cross... off
remove. . . by drawing a line through. . . 划掉，勾销
e.g. I) If you don't want to play in the match, cross your name off.
II) Well, we've bought the drink for the party, so I can cross that off the shopping list.

fall victim to
suffer because of or as a result of... 成为......的受害者、牺牲品
e.g. I) The company has fallen victim to increased competition.
II) The child fell victim to her parents' unhappy marriage.

put... into effect
cause... to happen in practice 实行，实现，使生效
e.g. I) These measures ought to have been put into effect in 1995.
II) You need to gather more detailed information to help you put you plan into effect.


PASSAGE III How We Can Change Our Wasteful Habits

For 34 years, I have kept a lonely watch on waste in Washington. I have seen misspent millions disappear down the federal drain, appalling sums wasted on foolish projects, huge amounts lavished on programs adopted more for expediency than effectiveness.[1]
I have reported on widespread duplication and disorganization in government purchasing programs. Our national government frequently buys with its right hand what it already holds in its left. Millions are spent, for example, to reduce farm surpluses-exceeded only by the millions spent to make farmland more productive.[2] Tax dollars are blown to the winds and blasted into space with little attention to actual needs.[3]
Every disappearing tax dollar is painfully extracted from citizens who don't begrudge money for the nation's needs but hate to see it wasted. Yet the spendthrift habit of Washington merely reflects the wasteful ways of the populace.[4] After consulting scores of experts in such diverse fields as energy conservation, consumer affairs and finance, I have selected our most wasteful habits.
The relentless rise of gas prices still hasn't persuaded most Americans to abandon their extravagant driving habits. During the morning and evening rush-hours, for example, traffic jams of near-empty cars burn up gas, oil and tires. Statistically, each commuter car carries 1.3 persons, which means the driver is the sole occupant in four of five cars.
The average American drives off in his car seven times a day, usually on spur-of-the-moment trips or unnecessary errands. Better kitchen planning, for example, could cut down on the number of trips to the supermarket. These could also be combined with visits to doctors and other merchants. Just a little foresight, if practiced on a national scale, could bring huge savings.
The typical American also won't give up his fuel-inefficient super-model,[5] which consumes twice the amount of gas necessary to run a smaller car. Last year, Americans purchased large cars that averaged 13 to 15 miles a gallon, although smaller cars were available that got 30 to 35 miles a gallon.[6]
A typical consumer runs up his grocery bill by purchasing items he neither needs nor intends to buy. An astonishing 75 percent of all grocery shoppers make at least one impulse purchase every time they enter the supermarket. This is the estimate of Barbara Salsbury, who has spent 20 years studying food marketing.
The packaging and displays are designed to lure consumers into buying products they don't need. About a third of these impulse purchases, says Salsbury, are made because the item is attractively wrapped.
While millions starve elsewhere, Americans throw away food. Agriculture Department studies indicate that the average housewife dumps huge quantities of leftovers down the garbage disposal or lets them spoil in the refrigerator.
One survey determined that as much as one-third of the food hauled home from the grocery store eventually is thrown out. The worst offenders,Ralph Lauren, other studies note, are persons who habitually load their plates with more than they can eat.
The story is the same at the nation's restaurants, which often try to justify steepening prices by adding a little to the portions.[7] Thus an appalling amount of uneaten food winds up in the garbage.
The fast-food places, where an increasing number of Americans eat, also are wasteful. Consumers spend twice as much for takeout food than if they prepared the food at home.[8]
The American fondness for dogs, cats and birds has produced a multibillion-dollar industry that encourages owners to pamper their pets. The pet-food industry alone grosses $ 4 billion a year,[9] much of it spent on treats for pets and "enriched" food products.
For whatever sociologists wish to make of it,[10] we spend more for pet foods than for baby foods. Out of a weekly grocery budget of $ 48.33, according to a study by a research concern [11]called Supermarket Business, the average family spends 77 cents to feed its pets but only 17 cents to feed the baby, excluding cereals and packaged milk and milk substitutes.
The poodle parlor business is also booming, with doting customers paying as much as $ 500 million a year for Fifi's hairdos, shampoos and grooming aids. Another $1.5 billion goes for pet accessories such as clothing and toys. At the end, pet cemeteries take in about $ 3 million a year. It costs a grieving owner about $ 250 for an average coffin and burial site.
Every day, trees must be chopped down to fulfill each individual's need for paper. Yet too many Americans use paper as a dispensable product and throw away several pounds per day. In Los Angeles alone, millions of pounds of paper are discarded or burned daily rather than saved for recycling.
Americans also have a bad habit of tossing waste paper and other rubbish in parks, on streets and in streams, ignoring clearly marked trash containers. The cost of picking up all this litter, exclusive of regular garbage collections, totals about $ 1 billion a year.
Water shortages are beginning to bother many areas. The main cause of the diminishing supply: the bathrooms of America. Americans love to run hot water down the drain while they shower and shave. If every American would merely shorten his daily shower by five minutes, the savings in both water and energy would be enormous.
The biggest water waster of them all, however, is the home toilet. Every flush, say engineers, uses about 4 gallons. This great flood is often summoned to swirl away a lonely cigarette butt or a used facial tissue.[12] (Inexpensive devices are obtainable for householders to reduce the water flow.)
America generates more hot air than any nation on earth-at a terrible cost in fuel and money. In response to all the official appeals to save energy, there has been a patriotic rush to seal windows and doors. But Energy Department officials tell me that patriotism ends if we have to sacrifice comfort; most Americans simply won't keep their thermostats down in the winter and up in the summer.[13]
If Americans would adjust their thermostats just one degree, say the officials, it would save more energy than all the insulation in the world.[14] For the big savings can come only in the homes, which consume twice the energy burned by America's factories and office buildings.
Great savings would be possible in buildings, of course, by eliminating central heating and lighting. Sometimes all the lights in a building are kept on all night in order to light a few rooms. But it's the millions of homes, with furnaces or air-conditioners running full blast, that cause the problem. A couple of $20 window fans, for example, could keep a bedroom cool on summer nights and save as much as 40 percent on the energy bill.
We belong to a bloated, throwaway society[15] that constitutes only 4.2 percent of the world's population but consumes 40 percent of its resources. It is up to us, the people, to stop the national wasteful habits.[16] (1154 words)


Proper Names

Agriculture Department
农业部

Barbara Salsbury
(女子名)芭芭拉.萨丝波瑞

Energy Department
能源部

Los Angeles
洛杉矶

New Words

accessory
n.
1) an article of dress, such as gloves or belts, that completes or enhances one's basic outfit (为全套衣服增加完善感、美感的)服饰，小件
e.g. I) She wore a green wool suit with matching accessories.
II) Use new accessories to brighten up an old outfit (套服).
2) an extra part that improves or completes the basic part 附件，附属品
e.g. Accessories for the top-of-the-range car include a compact disc player, electric windows and a sunroof.

air-conditioner
n. a machine that controls the temperature of the air in a room or building 空调器

appalling
adj. causing fear and hatred, very great or severe 骇人的，严重的
e.g. I) They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two months.
II) He suffered every winter from appalling chilblains (冻疮), his fingers swelling up like so many fried sausages.

begrudge
v. give unwillingly or resentfully 吝啬，舍不得给
e.g. Nobody begrudges a single penny spent on health.

bloated
adj. excessively wealthy and pampered 极其富裕娇惯的
e.g. the bloated captains of industry (实业巨头)

boom
1) v. grow rapidly in activity, value, or importance 激增，繁荣，迅速发展
e.g. I) The gardening industry is booming.
II) Here, as elsewhere, the leisure industry is booming.
2) n. a period of sudden growth or increase 激增，繁荣，迅速发展
e.g. I) This year has seen a boom in book sales.
II) They were born in the post-war baby boom and grew up in the fifties.

burial
n. burying, especially of a dead body, funeral 埋葬，葬礼
e.g. I) The Mayor announced plans to turn a burial ground into a golf course.
II) Authorities were expected to reveal the exact cause of his death after his body was released for burial.

butt
n. a large, thick, or bottom end of something 柄，底端，蒂头
e.g. The ashtray was overflowing with cigarette butts.

cemetery
n. a burial ground for dead people 墓地，公墓
e.g. We visited her grave in the town cemetery.

collection
n.
1) the act or process of collecting something 收取，取走，收集
e.g. I) There are two collections a day from this mailbox.
II) Computer systems have been developed to speed up collection of information.
2) a set of things of the same type that have been collected 收藏品，收集的东西
e.g. I) David was steadily filling the house with a magnificent collection of old farm tools.
II) This building houses the University's excellent collection of books and journals for the study of education and other subjects.

conservation
n. prevention of loss, waste, damage, destruction, etc. 保存，保护，避免浪费
e.g. I) Conservation of water is of great importance, especially in desert areas.
II) The project includes the conservation of 200 paintings, 15,000 books and quantities of furniture, ceramics and textiles.

disorganization *
n. the absence of organization or orderly arrangement 无组织，无秩序，混乱
e.g. I've never known such disorganization in a working environment-I don't know how they cope.

dispensable
adj. not necessary or essential 不必要的，不重要的，可省去的
e.g. Hodgson's work is good, but he is dispensable.

disposal
n.
1) a small machine under the kitchen sink which breaks vegetable waste into small pieces (装在厨房洗涤槽排水管内的)弃菜碾碎器
e.g. The kitchen was fitted with an electric waste disposal.
2) the act of getting rid of something 清除，处置，处理
e.g. I) There is the problem of the safe disposal of radioactive waste.
II) Local people are objecting to the land being used as a disposal site for household waste.

doting
adj. showing great or too much affection 溺爱的，宠爱的
e.g. We saw photos of the doting father (宠爱孩子的父亲) with the baby on his knee.

dump
v.
1) put (something unwanted) in a place and leave as rubbish 丢弃，倾卸，倾倒
e.g. I) Several old cars had been dumped near the beach.
II) Sealed containers of nuclear waste have been dumped in the sea.
2) sell large quantities of goods, usually abroad, at prices far below their real value in order to gain a bigger market share 倾销，抛售
e.g. I) These countries have been dumping cheap fertilizers on the UK market.
II) Drugs or chemicals that are banned in Western countries are often dumped in Third World countries.

duplication *
n. an act or process of repeating, performing again, or making a copy 重复，复制
e.g. Lack of communication between the two offices led to a wasteful duplication of effort.

errand
n. a short journey to take a message, buy or deliver goods, etc. (短程的) 差事，差使（如送信，买东西等）
e.g. I'm in a hurry-I've got some errands to do.

exclude
v. leave (something) out, not include 将......排除在外，不包括
e.g. I) Concentrate on and do one thing at a time. Try to exclude from your mind the other things waiting to be done.
II) If we exclude uncompleted projects from the calculations, the total spent is still more than $ 15 billion.

exclusive
adj.
1) not including 不包括的，不算在内的
e.g. I) Is the total exclusive of service charge?
II) The ship has a crew of 57, exclusive of officers.
2) used or owned only by one person or group and not shared with anyone else 独有的，独享的
e.g. I) You should have informed us that it was your exclusive property.
II) The reporter managed to get an exclusive interview with the Prime Minister.

expediency
n. doing what is convenient or profitable rather than what is proper or moral 权宜之计
e.g. I) The government is torn between principle and expediency.
II) We are sacrificing the long-term interest to short-term expediency.

facial *
adj. of or for the face 面孔的，面部用的
e.g. I) Her facial expression changed to happiness when she heard the good news.
II) The paper we collect from customers is used to produce either toilet and facial tissues (卫生纸和面巾纸), or office writing paper.

Fifi
n. a common name for an expensive pet dog 一种名贵的宠物狗

finance
n.
1) the commercial or government activity of managing money, debt, credit, and investment 财务管理，财政，金融
e.g. I) He studied finance in school, and worked for a bank after graduation.
II) Graduates should be well prepared to pursue diverse careers in accountancy, banking, insurance, finance, industry, commerce, teaching, local government and other fields.
2) the money, loans, credits, or grants that are used for a project or purpose 财源，资金
e.g. I) Obtaining finance from him may be vital to the whole enterprise.
II) A United States delegation is in Japan seeking finance for a major scientific project.

flush
n.
1) an act of washing with a rush of water 冲刷/洗
e.g. I) The pipe is blocked; give it a good flush.
II) A notice on the toilet tells you to press quickly for a short flush and press and hold down for a long flush.
2) a red color in the face, especially as a result of strong emotions, heat or alcohol 脸泛红
e.g. "How can you tell?" he said as a flush crept up his cheeks.

fondness *
n. liking and affection 喜爱，深情
e.g. I) He had a fondness for his nephew and helped him with loans.
II) His wife had a great fondness for French paintings.

foresight
n. the ability to be prepared for future events 先见之明，深谋远虑
e.g. She'd had the foresight to sell her house just before house prices came down.

gallon
n. a unit for measuring liquids 加仑（液量单位）
e.g. The little red car would do fifty miles per gallon (每加仑汽油开50英里).

groom
v. take care of (horses, dogs etc.), especially by rubbing, brushing and cleaning them 刷洗，照看（马、狗等）
e.g. The boy grooms the horses every morning.

haul
v.
1) carry (goods) in a vehicle (用车等)运送，拖运
e.g. Several trucks haul sand to build a new road.
2) pull something heavy with a continuous, steady movement （用力）拖，拉
e.g. The fishermen were hauling their nets.

householder
n. someone who owns or is in charge of a house 房主，户主
e.g. The letter was addressed to "The Householder, 1 River Lane".

insulation *
n. material which prevents heat, sound or electricity from going through 隔热、隔音、绝缘材料
e.g. The animal's thick fur provides very good insulation against the arctic cold.

lavish
v. give to or spend on generously or wastefully 滥用，挥霍，慷慨地给予
e.g. Everything was lavished on her one and only child.

leftovers
n. (plural) food that has not been eaten at the end of a meal 剩饭菜
e.g. The only food I got was the family's leftovers and dry bread.

litter
1) n. rubbish, such as paper, cans, and bottles, that is left lying in an open or public place (尤指乱扔在公共场所的) 杂物，垃圾
e.g. There were piles of litter in the streets.
2) v. make (a place) untidy with rubbish 乱丢东西于......, 使......一片凌乱
e.g. The park was littered with bottles and cans after the concert.

lure
v. tempt to do something or to go somewhere, especially by offering some form of reward 引诱，诱惑，吸引
e.g. I) The company aims to lure smokers back to cigarettes.
II) She was lured into the job by the offer of a high salary.

marked
adj. very noticeable, easily seen 明显的，易见的
e.g. This year's results, in marked contrast to last year's, are very encouraging.

marketing
n. the action or business of promoting and selling products or services including market research and advertising 销售，经销
e.g. The company's direct marketing approach allows it to undercut rivals by 12 per cent or more (该公司的直销策略使其能以低于竞争对手12%或更低的的价格出售).

obtainable *
adj. able to be obtained 能得到的，可获得的
e.g. To do this, use the application form D1, obtainable from post offices.

occupant *
n. somebody who is in a room, vehicle, etc. at a particular time 居住者，占用者
e.g. Neither of the car's two occupants was injured.

offender *
n. a person who commits a sin, crime, or fault 犯罪者，犯错误者
e.g. Among causes of air pollution, car exhaust fumes （废气） may be the worst offender.

package
1) v. put into a box or wrapping, especially for sale 包装，把 ...... 装盒/袋（尤其为出售）
e.g. I) Their products are always attractively packaged.
II) Most packaged foods have to show a list of ingredients in order of weight.
2) n. an object or group of objects wrapped or tied together, or put in a case 包，包裹，包在一起的东西
e.g. I) She sent him a large package of books.
II) He kissed her ear, and drew a plastic-wrapped package from the bag.

painfully *
adv. with a lot of effort and trouble, in a way of causing pain 困难地，麻烦地，痛苦地
e.g. I) All the knowledge that he had was painfully acquired.
II) One of the men was old and bent, moving painfully as he got out of the cab.

parlor
n. (AmE) a shop providing certain goods or services 专营 ...... 的店
e.g. He took her into an ice-cream parlor and ordered two big chocolate ice-creams.

patriotic
adj. having a great love of one's country 爱国的，有爱国心的
e.g. That was an era when many Americans felt it was their patriotic duty to support the war effort.

poodle
n. a dog with thick curling hair, often cut in special shapes 长鬈毛狗

populace
n. (formal) the common people, masses 百姓,air jordans shoes，平民，大众
e.g. Some studies show that workers in the nuclear industry are more likely than the general populace to get cancer.

recycle
v. process used material so that it can be used again 回收利用（废物等）
e.g. I) Fossil fuels cannot be recycled. Once they are gone they are gone forever.
II) We recycle everything we can in our business and manufacturing operations.

spendthrift
n. a person who spends money in an extravagant, irresponsible way 挥霍者，败家子

spur
1) n. something that encourages someone 刺激（物），激励
e.g. I) We hope these criticisms will act as a spur to increased effort.
II) The shortage of labor acts as a powerful spur to more economical methods of production.
2) v. give an incentive or encouragement to someone 激励，鞭策，促进
e.g. I) She spurred her team on to greater efforts.
II) Her approval spurred him to enter a poetry contest.

Statistically *
adv. from a viewpoint of statistics, in the field of statistics 根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点看
e.g. I) The variation is not statistically significant.
II) Statistically, no children at all now listen to Radios 2, 3 and 4.

steepen *
v. (of a price or amount) make or become extremely or excessively high 使（物价或数额）过高，（使）变得昂贵
e.g. We have to face the steepening membership fees if we want to join the golf club.

surplus
1) n. extra or unused amount 剩余，过剩
e.g. I) Surpluses of food can be sold for cash.
II) There is a surplus of staff in some departments of the company.
2) adj. more than what is needed or used 剩余的，过剩的
e.g. I) Farmers are feeding all their surplus wheat to pigs.
II) There was always enough surplus food stored there to meet emergencies such as poor harvests and unexpected hailstorms.

thermostat
n. a device that automatically regulates the temperature 恒温器

throwaway
adj. discarding things after use, being wasteful 用后即扔的，浪费的
e.g. The farewell from the throwaway society cannot be achieved without a major effort.

widespread
adj. existing or happening in many places or situations, or among many people 普遍的，广泛的
e.g. I) There were reports of widespread flooding in northern France.
II) There was a widespread belief that the newspapers had not told the truth.

wrap
v. cover or enclose something 包，裹
e.g. I) The food must be wrapped so that all air is excluded.
II) I have wrapped up the parcels and they're ready to be posted.

Phrases and Expressions

burn up
burn completely, destroy or be destroyed by burning or very strong heat
e.g. I) A car of this size burns up a lot of fuel.
II) The spacecraft finally burned up in the atmosphere of Venus.

cut down on (informal)
reduce something, usually out of necessity 减少，削减
e.g. I) The doctor told him to cut down on his consumption of fat.
II) He has cut down on his spending since he finished filming (拍电影).

exclusive of
not including; not counting 不包括，不算在内
e.g. The price of the holiday is exclusive of accommodation.

(at) full blast
(working or moving) as much or as quickly as possible 全力地，全速地，开足马力地
e.g. We are working at full blast to complete the order before the holidays.

lavish ...on/upon
give to or spend on generously or wastefully 滥用，浪费，慷慨地给予
e.g. I) He lavished most of his fortune on impractical business ventures.
II) The public lavish their praises on that young singer.

lure into
deceive . . . into entering or doing something 诱骗...进入（某处）或做（某事）
e.g. I) Cheese is often used to lure mice into traps.
II) They can lure the owner into leaving the house unlocked so that they can steal the jewels.

spur-of-the-moment
(informal) done, made, or happening without preparation or planning 即兴的，一时兴起的
e.g. Someone suggested that it was a spur-of-the-moment decision.

run up
allow (a bill, debt, etc.) to accumulate 积欠（账款、债务等）
e.g. I) You will run up a huge gas bill if you leave the heater on.
II) He ran up a lot of debts while he was unemployed.

wind up
finally be in a particular place, state, or situation, especially without having planned it 落得......下场，以......告终
e.g. I) He'll wind up bankrupt if he's not careful.
II) If he carries on like this he's going to wind up in prison.Related articles:

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It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world

Chapter 22 校外教学

新闻 剧本 文库 歌曲 电影 小语种 雅思 考试 语法 试题 试卷 书籍 考试 教材 口语 词汇 品牌 广播 播客 少儿 小学 初中 高中 四级 六级 考研 口语训练 网络课堂 英语短信 社区 家园 背单词 写作训练 双语桌面 在线查词 翻译 QQ群 专题 ,Ralph Lauren Mens Match Polos
感谢大耳朵网友"孔道英语"提供的听力原文!

Chapter 22 校外教学

Tips:

1.Today I went to Danshui for a field trip.

2.First we went there by turist coach.

3.There was

Today I went to Danshui for a field trip. I was so excietd and couldn’t fall asleep. So I woke up too late in the morning,jordans for sale, it was almost late for school. My mom gave me some money and told me to go to school by taxi. I really needed to go to school before 7 O’clock. And luckily, I was just on time. First we went there by turist coach. There was not as crowded as it is in the weekends,cheap air jordans, but still there are a lot of people. And then we walked along the old street,jordans shoes, and ate a lot of snacks. I also played some games,air jordans shoes, and bought some souvenirs for my little brother. After that we went to fishmen’s wharf by a tourist coach too.

It was windy and sunny. The teacher told us to gather at the entrance at 3 O’clock and we would dismiss. I took many pictures of the ocean,Ralph Lauren Shirts, and played around the place with my classmates. I also talked about the wonderful scenery with my mom by cell phone.

Finally it was about time to go home. We all felt tired on the bus,Polo Ralph Lauren, I just felt asleep and dreamed about the excellent field trip.Related articles:

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It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world

Taste it

新闻 剧本 文库 歌曲 电影 小语种 雅思 考试 语法 试题 试卷 书籍 考试 教材 口语 词汇 品牌 广播 播客 少儿 小学 初中 高中 四级 六级 考研 口语训练 网络课堂 英语短信 社区 家园 背单词 写作训练 双语桌面 在线查词 翻译 QQ群 专题 ,cheap jordans
Lesson 79 Ugh!
Sandy: Is there any sugar in my tea,Sue?
Sue: Taste it,jordans for sale, Sandy.
Sandy: Ugh,Ralph Lauren Mens City edition! It's not very nice.
This isn't tea,cheap air jordans!
It's coffee,air jordans shoes!
Mother: Sandy,Ralph Lauren Shirts! What are you drinking?
Sue: He's drinking dad's coffee, mum.
Mother: Give me that cup please,Ralph Lauren, Sandy.
Sandy: It's not very nice, mum.
There isn't any milk
or sugar in it.Related articles:

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It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world

I don’t.

新闻 剧本 文库 歌曲 电影 小语种 雅思 考试 语法 试题 试卷 书籍 考试 教材 口语 词汇 品牌 广播 播客 少儿 小学 初中 高中 四级 六级 考研 口语训练 网络课堂 英语短信 社区 家园 背单词 写作训练 双语桌面 在线查词 翻译 QQ群 专题
MODULE 5
FOOD AND DRINK
UNIT 13 The Food and Drink We like

food食物 drink 饮料 World you like……？你愿不愿意/要不要……？ coffee咖啡 coke可乐 toast吐司；烤面包 noodles面条 rice noodles米粉 Best最；最好 piece片 bottle瓶子 bowl碗 cup茶杯 glass玻璃杯 water水 plate盘子 delicious好吃的；好味道 bun 小（圆）果子面包,Ralph Lauren Mens Match Polos；小（圆）面包 horrible 可怕的 meat肉

Dialogue
1 Look and listen. Then read and act in groups.
Ben: Jiamin, would you like some orange juice?
Jiamin: No, thanks. I don’t like orange juice.
Janet: Would you like some coffee?
Jiamin: No, thanks. I don’t like coffee.
Janet: What about milk?
Jiamin: No, thanks. I don’t like milk.
Ben: Jiamin doesn’t like coffee or milk. He likes coke.
Mrs Webb: Oh. OK. I think we have some coke.
Jiamin: thanks.
Mrs Webb: Do you like toast?
Jiamin: No, I don’t.
Mrs Webb: What do you usually have for breakfast?
Jiamin: I usually have porridge, noodles, rice noodles, bread or buns for breakfast. And I like rice noodles best.
Mrs Webb: Oh.

Work With Language
1 Listen and stick the pictures above the names.
A piece of toast一片烤面包 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a bottle of milk一杯牛奶 a cup of tea一杯茶 a plate of noodles一盘面条 a glass of water一杯水 a bottle of orange juice一瓶橙汁 a cup of coffee一杯咖啡

UNIT 14 School Lunch

starter第一道菜 know知道 cabbage洋白菜 Chinese cabbage大白菜 soup汤 either也（用于否定） salad色拉 nothing没有东西；没有事 pasta意大利粉 fried炒的,jordans shoes；油炸 chips薯条 problem问题 roast beef烤牛肉 main course主食 sandwich三文治 beefsteak牛排dessert甜食 ice cream冰淇淋 chocolate巧克力 Me too我也是

Dialogue
1 Look and listen. Then read and act in groups.
Sally: What do you want for starters. Xiaoling?
Xiaoling: I don’t know. I like Chinese cabbage soup.
Sally: What about you, Mike?
Mike: I don’t know. I don’t like salad, and I don’t like soup,cheap air jordans, either.
Sally: I really like salad.
Sally: Can I have the salad,air jordans, please?
Dinner lady: Here you are.
Xiaoling: Can I have the Chinese cabbage soup, please?
Dinner lady: Here you are.
Mike: Nothing for me, thanks.
Sally: Can I have the pasta, please?
Dinner lady: Of course, here you are.
Xiaoling: Can I have the fried rice,air jordans shoes, please?
Dinner lady: Of course,Ralph Lauren Womens Bikini, here you are.
Mike: A hamburger and chips for me, please.
Dinner lady: Of course,Ralph Lauren Outlet, no problem.


UNIT 15 Let’s go Further
Story Time
Look and listen, then number the pictures.
②④①③⑥⑤⑧⑦⑨
Additional Words
Do you often eat these foods?
Jam酱 ham火腿 cereal谷类食品 sausage roll 香肠卷 butter奶油Related articles:

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It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world

[2012年6月27日]

新闻 剧本 文库 歌曲 电影 小语种 雅思 考试 语法 试题 试卷 书籍 考试 教材 口语 词汇 品牌 广播 播客 少儿 小学 初中 高中 四级 六级 考研 口语训练 网络课堂 英语短信 社区 家园 背单词 写作训练 双语桌面 在线查词 翻译 QQ群 专题 ,cheap air jordans shoes
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It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world

a certain result

新闻 剧本 文库 歌曲 电影 小语种 雅思 考试 语法 试题 试卷 书籍 考试 教材 口语 词汇 品牌 广播 播客 少儿 小学 初中 高中 四级 六级 考研 口语训练 网络课堂 英语短信 社区 家园 背单词 写作训练 双语桌面 在线查词 翻译 QQ群 专题
UNIT 7

Text A

Pre-reading Activities
First Listening
1. As you listen to Part One of the tape, try to figure out what the words blrk and blurking mean.

Second Listening
2. Now listen to Part Two, and work out what porfing is.

Thinking: A Neglected Art

Carolyn Kane

It is generally agreed that the American education system is in deep trouble. Everyone is aware of the horrible facts: school systems are running out of money, teachers can't spell, students can't read, high school graduates can't even find China on the map.
Most of us know, or think we know, who is to blame: liberal courts, spineless school boards, ridiculous government regulations. It's easy to select a bad guy.
But possibly the problem lies not so much in our institutions as in our attitudes. It is sad that although most of us claim that we believe in education, we place no value on intellectual activity.
We Americans are a charitable and humane people: We have institutions devoted to every good cause from rescuing homeless cats to preventing World War III. But what have we done to promote the art of thinking? Certainly we make no room for thought in our daily lives. Suppose a man were to say to his friends, "I'm not going to PTA tonight (or the baseball game, or whatever) because I need some time to myself, some time to think"? Such a man would be shunned by his neighbors; his family would be ashamed of him. What if a teenager were to say, "I'm not going to the dance tonight because I need some time to think"? His parents would immediately start looking in the Yellow Pages for a psychiatrist.
Several years ago a college administrator told me that if he wanted to do any serious thinking, he had to get up at 5:30 in the morning — I suppose because that was the only time when no one would interrupt him. More recently I heard a professor remark that when his friends catch him in the act of reading a book, they say, "My, it must be nice to have so much free time." And even though I am an English teacher — a person who should know better — I find myself feeling vaguely guilty whenever I sneak off to the library to read. It is a common belief that if a man is thinking or reading, he is doing nothing. Through our words and our actions, we express this attitude every day of our lives. Then we wonder why our children refuse to take their studies seriously and why they say to their teachers, "Why do I need to learn this stuff? It won't do me any good; I'll never need it."
It's easy to understand the reasons for this prejudice against thinking. One problem is that to most of us,air jordans shoes, thinking looks suspiciously like doing nothing. A human being in deep thought is an uninspiring sight. He leans back in his chair, props up his feet, puffs on his pipe and stares into space. He gives every appearance of wasting time. Besides, he's leaving all the hard work for us,Ralph Lauren Shirts! We wish he would get up and do something useful — clean the house, maybe, or mow the lawn. Our resentment is natural.
But thinking is far different from laziness. Thinking is one of the most productive activities a human being can undertake. Every beautiful and useful thing we have created exists because somebody took the time and effort to think of it.
And thinking does require time and effort. It's a common misconception that if a person is "gifted" or "bright" or "talented," wonderful ideas will flash spontaneously into his mind. Unfortunately, the intellect doesn't work this way. Even Einstein had to study and think for months before he could formulate his theory of relativity. Those of us who are less intelligent find it a struggle to conceive even a moderately good idea, let alone a brilliant one.
Another reason why we distrust thinking is that it seems unnatural. Human beings are a social species, but thinking is an activity that people do best when they're alone. Consequently, we worry about people who like to think. It disturbs us to meet a person who deliberately chooses to sit alone and think instead of going to a party or a soccer match. We suspect that such a person needs counseling. In addition, such people can sometimes appear unfriendly — and that makes us deeply uneasy.
Our concern is misplaced. Intelligence is just as much a part of human nature as friendliness. It would certainly be unnatural for someone to totally isolate themselves. But it would be equally unnatural for a person to allow his mind to die of neglect.
If Americans ever became convinced of the importance of thought, we would probably find ways to solve the problems of our schools, problems that now seem impossible to overcome. But how can we revive interest in the art of thinking? The best place to start would be in the home. Family members should practice saying such things as," I'll wash the dishes tonight because I know you want to catch up on your thinking."
This may sound crazy. But if we are to survive as a free people, we will have to take some such course of action as soon as possible, because regardless of what some advertisers have led us to believe, this country does not run on oil. It runs on ideas.
(870 words)

New Words

spineless
a. 1. lacking courage and determination 没有骨气的
2. 无脊椎的

*spine
n. 脊柱；脊椎

ridiculous
a. deserving to be laughed at; absurd 可笑的；荒谬的，荒唐的

regulation
n. a rule or restriction 规章；规则

regulate
v. l. 调节，调校，调整
2. 控制，管理

regulator
n. 调节器，校准器

guy
n. (infml., esp. AmE) a man; fellow （主美）男人；人

chartable
a. 1. generous in giving money, food, etc. to other people 慷慨施舍的，慈善的
2. kind in one's attitude to others 仁慈的，慈爱的

humane
a. having or showing sympathy, kindness and understanding 富于同情心的；仁慈的

promote
vt. help the progress of; encourage or support 促进；提倡

shun
vt. keep away from; avoid 避开，回避；避免

*psychiatrist
n. 精神科医生，精神病专家

*psychiatric
a. 精神病的

*psychic
a. 1. 精神的，心灵的
2. 超自然的

administrator
n. a person responsible for managing public or business affairs 行政官员；管理人

administration
n. 1. the control or direction of affairs, as of a country or business 行政；管理；经营
2. the supervision group of a company or institution; the national government 行政机关；政府

vaguely
ad. not precisely, not distinctly,Polo Ralph Lauren, more or less 含糊地；模糊地；多少

vague
a. 1. not clearly described, expressed, felt or understood 含糊的；不清楚的
2. not clear in shape or form 模糊的

*sneak
vi. go somewhere quietly and/or secretly 潜行，溜

stuff
n. 1. （无用的）东西
2. material of which sth. is made 原料；材料

suspiciously
ad. 猜疑地；可疑地

*suspicious
a. 1. (of) not trusting 猜疑的，疑心的
2. causing sb. to think that there is sth. wrong 容易引起怀疑的；可疑的

prop
vt. (up) support 架起，支起

appearance
n. 1. the outward form sb. or sth. has 外表,cheap air jordans，外观
2. 出现，露面

mow
vt. 刈（草坪等处）的草

lawn
n. an area of short, regularly cut grass in the garden of a house or in a public park 草坪

resentment
n. a feeling of anger because one feels that he is treated badly or unfairly and cannot do anything about it 忿恨，怨愤

misconception
n. an idea which is wrong or untrue 错误想法，误解

flash
vi. 1. move or pass very quickly 闪现；突现
2. give or produce a bright light 闪光；闪烁

spontaneously
ad. 自动地；自发地

*spontaneous
a. done out of natural feelings or causes without planning or arrangement 自发的；不由自主的

*Intellect
n. 1. the ability to understand or deal with ideas and information 智力，才智
2. a person of high intelligence and reasoning power 有才智的人

*formulate
vt. 1. express (a thought, idea, etc.) clearly and exactly using particular words 确切地阐述（或表达），阐发
2. develop (a plan, policy, etc.) 制订（计划、政策等）

relativity
n. 相对性；相对论

moderately
ad. not extremely; to some extent 适度地；一般地

moderate
a. 1. of middle degree, power, or rate; neither large or small, high or low, fast or slow, etc. 中等的；普通的；一般的
2. (done or kept) within sensible limits 适度的，不过分的,jordans shoes；有节制的
3. (of political opinions or policies) not extreme and concerned with slow or small changes in the system 不激进的，稳健的
v. (cause to) become less extreme and violent or more acceptable （使）和缓；减弱

species
n. ［单复同］ 物种

deliberately
ad. intentionally, on purpose 有意地，故意地

soccer
n. (AmE) football （美）英式足球

counsel
v. give (usually professional) advice to sb. who has a problem 提出建议（或劝告）

isolate
vt. (often pass.) 1. cause to be alone or separated from others ［常被动］使孤立；使脱离
2. keep apart from other people so that a disease will not spread 使隔离

regardless
a. (of) without worrying (about), despite 不顾；不论

Phrases and Expressions

be in trouble
having difficulties or problems 处于困境中，有麻烦

run out (of sth.)
have no more (of sth.); use all (of sth.) 用完；耗尽

lie in
exist in; be found in 在于

believe in
have faith or trust in; consider to be true,Ralph Lauren Womens Bikini, valuable,jordans for sale, important, etc. 信任；信赖；相信…的真实性

make (no) room for
find (no) space or time for （不）给…让出地方或时间

sneak off to
go somewhere secretly 偷偷溜往

prop up
support from falling 支撑；支持

puff on
draw smoke through (a pipe, cigarette, etc.) （一口一口地）抽（烟斗、香烟等）

give every appearance of
show (a certain result) from what can be seen or known 显示出…的迹象

let alone
not to mention, not to speak of 更别提，更不用说

become /be convinced of sth.
become/feel certain that sth. is true 确信某事是真实的

catch up on
spend time doing (sth.) which has been left undone or neglected 弥补（耽搁下来的工作、睡眠等），赶完

regardless of
without acknowledging; despite, in spite of 不顾；不论

Proper Names

Carolyn Kane
卡罗琳·凯恩

PTA = (Parent-Teacher Association)
家长教师联谊会

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第1433期汉英翻译擂台赛【2012年6月27日】

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Report 2

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2-10-A

Report 1:

Turkey says more than 10,000 people now are confirmed dead after the earthquake three days ago. Most of the deaths are in 5 north-western cities. About 34,000 people are reported injured. Rescue workers are still searching for about 35,000 missing people; many are trapped under fallen buildings. Rescuers are using cameras, dogs and listening devices to search for survivors.

Report 2:

Early this morning a severe explosion took place in Shijiazhuang,Ralph Lauren Mens City edition, the capital of North China's Hebei Province, killing 108 and injuring 38, according to the public security department. After treatment, 15 of those injured have been discharged from hospital care. Hospital officials say 5 among the 11, who were severely injured, are now out of danger. Police are still investigating the cause of the explosion.

2-10-B





Surviving a Plane Crash

Three months ago I flew to Burma with my boyfriend, Johan. The plane was a small one and our seats were near the back. The sky looked very black as we took off, and throughout the flight, we kept our seat belts fastened. Twenty minutes later we flew into a terrible storm. The plane rolled and shook in the wind. We were both very frightened. I couldn't remember anything after that until I opened my eyes. I didn't know where I was. Slowly I realized that the plane had crashed. I was in terrible pain and I couldn't move. "Johan," I called, but he didn't reply. It was dark, but I knew that he wasn't in his seat. I heard groans and I worked out that possibly six other people were still alive. When daylight came, I could see all the bodies around me. Johan was on the other side of the aisle, but I knew that he was dead.

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2-10-C

Mount St. Helens

Most volcanoes are quiet. They rest peacefully for hundreds of years. No one pays much attention to them.

Mount St. Helens was one of these volcanoes. Until 1980, it was a beautiful recreation area. Its last eruption had been 123 years ago. No one was worried about another one. Then,Ralph Lauren Mens Match Polos, in March 1980,cheap jordans, Mount St. Helens began to make noises. At first, there were tremors. Then, small eruptions occurred. Some residents left immediately. Others felt there was no danger.

But on the morning of May 18,air jordans shoes, 1980, the mountain blew its top. With the power of twenty-five atomic bombs, Mount St. Helens exploded. Clouds of dust and ash rose more than twelve miles into the sky. Rocks and mud crashed down the slopes.

Unfortunately, many people were still living,Ralph Lauren Outlet, camping, or working in the area. Over forty people lost their lives. Others were rescued.

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But other people were not so lucky. David Johnston, a volcano expert, was standing near the summit of the mountain. At 8:31 a. m. , he radioed, "This is it!" He was never heard from again.

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It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world

Why is the train stopping

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Lesson 20 A Winter Adventure

Lesson 20 A Winter Adventure

Purpose:

Listening for pleasure

Ex.

Directions: Decide whether the statements are true or false.

Key:

1．T 2．F 3．T 4．F 5．F 6．F 7．T 8．F

9．T 10．T 11．F 12．T

Tapescript:

A Winter Adventure (2′55″)

Scene Ⅰ

John: What a marvellous snowman!

Julia: But he hasn't got any eyes. I'm going to give him some eyes.

John: Here are two stones, one for his right eye and one for his left eye.

Tony: I'm going to give him some buttons for his coat. One, two, three, four,jordans for sale, five, six. Six buttons for his coat.

(The sound of a coming train)

John: Listen!

Tony: What is it ?

John: Listen! I can hear a train. Can you hear It?

Julia: Yes, I can. And look ! Look! Look down there,jordans shoes! There's the train! It's going very fast, isn't it?

Tony: That must be the fast train to London. It's the express train. It doesn't stop at the station, does it?

Julia: No, it doesn't.

Tony: But the train is stopping. It is stopping. Look!

John: Why is the train stopping?

Tony: I don't know. Oh,air jordans, yes, I can see now. There's an enormous snowdrift on the line. We must do something.

Julia: We must do something. What can we do?

Scene Ⅱ

John: I know what we can do. Tony, you go on your sledge to the farm. You can go quickly down the hill. Tell Daddy about the train and the snowdrift.

Tony: But what can Daddy do?

John: He can go and help to dig the snow away.

Julia: But what can we do, John?

John: You and I can go down the hill on our sledges and tell the man at the station about the train and the snowdrift.

Julia: All right. Well, let's go. We must hurry.

Tony: Ready, let's go.

Julia: Mr. Barker! Mr. Barker!

Mr. Barker: Hello,cheap air jordans, Julia! Hello, John! What's the matter?

Julia: The express train,Ralph Lauren Shirts, Mr. Barker! The express train!

Mr. Barker: Oh,cheap jordans, it's coming now. It's the three o'clock train to London. You're going to catch it? Hah ! Hah! It doesn't stop here, you know. It doesn't stop at this station.

Julia: The train's in a snowdrift. A very big snowdrift. It's an enormous snowdrift. The train can't go.

Mr. Barker: What? The train cant go? We must hurry up! We, we must hurry up! I must telephone the next station! Then I must go with some men and we must dig away the snow. The train must get to London on time. Thank you!

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It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world

laughter&quot

新闻 剧本 文库 歌曲 电影 小语种 雅思 考试 语法 试题 试卷 书籍 考试 教材 口语 词汇 品牌 广播 播客 少儿 小学 初中 高中 四级 六级 考研 口语训练 网络课堂 英语短信 社区 家园 背单词 写作训练 双语桌面 在线查词 翻译 QQ群 专题
感谢大耳朵网友"Yolanda0104"提供的听力原文

LEARNING TO ACT

Have you ever dreamt of becoming an actor? Acting is different from other jobs, because many of the skills needed cannot easily be learnt. The first thing an actor must have is the desire to become an actor and belief that he or she can act well. There are basic skills every actor must learn, such as how to use one's voice and how to move on stage, but becoming a good actor is often a matter of personal development. If you want to become an actor, you must build up your self-confidence and learn to notice people around you.

Learning how act can be fun. Many acting teachers show their students how to use their imagination in new ways. A common acting exercise asks students to imagine that they are a tree, a cloud,air jordans shoes, or an ocean wave. Students are then asked to close their eyes, concentrate on the object they have chosen, use their body to show what the object feels like. The teacher may also ask students to think about a general topic and list situations or actions that belong to the topic. For example,cheap air jordans, if the topic is friendship,jordans for sale, students may list a " a handshake", "laughter", "meeting", and so on. They are then asked to show the situation or action, using their bodies only.

Acting exercises may also teach the students to trust each other and to communicate. For example, one student may close his or her eyes and have another student lead him or her around. Or, a teacher may write the numbers from one to five on the blackboard, explaining that one means "walk around but don't look at anyone", two means " stay away from others ",air jordans, three means " try to stay between two other students" and so on. The teacher then calls out the numbers and the students act in the way described.

When actors prepare for performance, they have to do more than just learn the lines of the play. The director will help them decide how to move, where to stand or walk and what expressions to use. Perhaps the most important thing an actor or actress has to learn is to understand the character they play. Good actors must of course know what their character does in the play,Polo Ralph Lauren, but they also need to know what the character might do in other situations. Sometimes, actors change themselves in order to become more like the character they play. When Tom Hanks shot the film Cast Away, he had to lose a lot of weight to look like someone who had been on a deserted island for almost five years. Actors also often spend time with people who are like their characters. Foe example, if an actor is gonging to play a policeman, he or she may spend a month following a real policeman to watch how he works and lives.

Even if you don't want to be an actor,Ralph Lauren Shirts, you may want to take part in a play or an acting class. Many of the skills an actor or actress has to learn can be useful in our everyday life and may even help you learn faster. So actor now and learn to act,Ralph Lauren Mens Match Polos!Related articles:

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It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world